Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Supplementation in Culture Media for Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Study design parameters and characteristics.

Author, year	Study design	Number of; patients	Patient characteristics; and infertility factor	GM-CSF; concentration	Control; medium	ART
Sjöblom et al., 1999 [3]	Prospective; Observational; Australia	99; (2–4 cell; embryos)	N/A	2 ng/mL	20 μL microdrops; IVF-50/S2 with; insulin/G1.2 and; G2.2 with; reduced; glutamine, EDTA; and phosphate	IVF; GnRH agonist,; 150–225 IU/day; r-FSH; 10.000 IU hCG
Kim et al., 2001 [4]	Prospective; Observational; South Korea	154; (patients)	Women aged 28–39.6 yrs	2 ng/mL	10 μL microdrops; of modified P-1	IVF/ICSI
Sjöblom et al., 2001 [5]	RCT; Australia	62 (2–4 cell; embryos)	N/A	2 ng/mL	20 μL drops of; Sydney IVF; Cleavage/1 mL Blastocyst Cook IVF	IVF/ICSI
Shapiro et al., 2003 [6]	RCT; USA	72 patients; with ≥2 pn oocytes	N/A	N/A	Quinn’s Advantage; Protein Plus	IVF
Agerholm et al., 2010 [7]	RCT; Denmark	73 women; donating 86; oocytes	Women aged 25–37 yrs; Male factor: 𝑛=53; Tubal factor: 𝑛=17; Endometriosis: 𝑛=5; PCOS/endocrine: 𝑛=1; Unexplained: 𝑛=18; Tubal insemination using donor; Spermatozoa with proven fertility and normal karyotype	2 ng/mL	Blast Assist; System; Medium 1	IVF/ICSI; Long protocols; (GnRH agonists); and short; protocols (GnRH; antagonists)
Origio website, 2011 [8]	RCT; 11 Danish; 3 Swedish; centers	1319; included; 1322; enrolled; (patients)	Women with; >1 miscarriage; 21–35 d cycle; aged 25–39 years; IVF/ICSI indications; No oocyte donation	2 ng/mL	Media without; GM-CSF	IVF/ICSI; standard agonist/antagonist; FSH 100–300 IU