Table 1: Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study subjects.
Factor measured
Premenopausal ()
Perimenopausal ()
Postmenopausal ()
Age (years)
40.8 ± 3.50
48.0 ± 2.95
59.7 ± 7.30
Height (cm)
156.2 ± 5.38b
154.2 ± 5.05c
151.9 ± 4.54
Weight (kg)
56.9 ± 7.38c
57.1 ± 8.03c
54.3 ± 8.46
BMI (kg/m2)
23.3 ± 2.68
24.0 ± 3.03
23.5 ± 3.34
OPG (pmol/L)a
2.67 ± 1.86b
4.11 ± 1.96
4.40 ± 1.85
TGF-β1 (μg/L)a
39.0 ± 1.60b
27.1 ± 1.67
24.0 ± 1.52
TGF-β2 (μg/L)a
11.5 ± 1.28b
13.0 ± 1.36
14.3 ± 1.32
BMI: body mass index, OPG: osteoprotegerin, and TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta.
aValues are geometric mean ± SD.
b–0.000 compared with perimenopausal and postmenopausal.
c–0.000 compared with postmenopausal.