Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Table 3
Changes in primary and secondary outcomes.
Variablea
Studies (#)
ES (#)
Participants (#)
(95% CI)
Z ()
()
(%)
Primary
Femoral neck
7
9
466
0.342 (0.132, 0.553)
3.19(0.001)*
10.8 (0.22)
25.7
Lumbar spine
5
6
402
0.201 (0.009, 0.394)
2.05(0.04)*
3.3 (0.65)
0
Secondary
Ward’s triangle
3
4
162
0.088 (−0.207, 0.383)
0.59 (0.56)
2.9(0.41)
0
Trochanteric
7
10
521
0.085 (−0.097, 0.267)
0.92 (0.36)
10.5 (0.31)
14.1
Body weight (kg)
5
5
296
0.4 (−0.5, 1.3)
0.93 (0.35)
2.1 (0.72)
0
Strength (upper body)
3
3
295
0.49 (0.28, 0.70)
4.56(0.0001)*
1.2 (0.56)
0
Strength (lower body)
4
5
346
0.45 (0.14, 0.75)
2.88(0.004)*
8.78(0.07)**
54.4
Unless noted otherwise, all outcomes are reported as standardized effect size (); ES: effect size; #: number; participants (#): number of exercise and control participants nested within ES’s and studies; (P): score and alpha value; (): Cochran’s statistic and alpha value; (%): squared; *statistically significant (); **trend for statistical significance ( to 0.10).
