Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents in a Country of the African Region
Table 2
Distribution of mean levels (and 95% confidence intervals) of cardiometabolic risk factors at the age of 19 years according to categories of body mass index measured at the age of 12–15 years or at the age of 19-20 years.
Age 12–15 years
Age 19-20 years
Overall
M
F
Overall
M
F
SBP (mmHg)
Low weight
113.7 (112.2–115.4)
119.4 (117.3–121.5)
107.9 (106.1–109.8)
112.3 (110.7–113.9)
118.3 (116.0–120.5)
107.01 (105.3–108.8)
Elevated weight
115.4 (113.4–117.4)
122.2 (119.1–125.4)
111.6 (109.5–113.7)
118.9 (116.9–120.9)
123.8 (121.3–126.2)
113.0 (110.48–115.6)
Overweight
119.2 (116.4–122.0)
125.5 (121.5–129.5)
114.3 (111.1–117.5)
117.5 (115.2–119.9)
126.4 (121.9–130.8)
114.3 (111.9–116.7)
P-trend
0.002
0.015
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
DBP (mmHg)
Low weight
66.5 (65.5–67.6)
66.1 (64.6–67.7)
66.9 (65.5–68.4)
66.0 (65.0–67.1)
65.3 (63.8–66.9)
66.6 (65.1–68.1)
Elevated weight
68.7 (67.3–70.0)
67.5 (65.3–69.8)
69.3 (67.6–71.0)
68.9 (67.5–70.3)
68.3 (66.3–70.3)
69.6 (67.6–71.7)
Overweight
72.3 (70.5–74.1)
70.9 (68.2–73.5)
73.4 (70.9–76.0)
72.9 (71.3–74.6)
73.2 (70.2–76.2)
72.8 (70.9–74.8)
P-trend
<0.001
0.003
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
Low weight
2.50 (2.39–2.61)
2.33 (2.20–2.46)
2.67 (2.51–2.84)
2.44 (2.34–2.55)
2.26 (2.12–2.39)
2.60 (2.46–2.75)
Elevated weight
2.71 (2.54–2.87)
2.46 (2.20–2.71)
2.85 (2.64–3.05)
2.68 (2.51–2.84)
2.57 (2.36–2.78)
2.81 (2.54–3.07)
Overweight
2.73 (2.54–2.92)
2.74 (2.42–3.07)
2.72 (2.48–2.96)
2.90 (2.71–3.09)
2.82 (2.43–3.20)
2.93 (2.71–3.16)
P-trend
0.009
0.010
0.428
<0.001
0.001
0.020
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
Low weight
1.42 (1.36–1.48)
1.47 (1.40–1.55)
1.36 (1.27–1.45)
1.46 (1.40–1.51)
1.51 (1.42–1.59)
1.41 (1.33–1.49)
Elevated weight
1.37 (1.30–1.44)
1.41 (1.28–1.55)
1.35 (1.26–1.44)
1.34 (1.26–1.42)
1.33 (1.23–1.43)
1.35 (1.23–1.47)
Overweight
1.33 (1.25–1.42)
1.34 (1.19–1.50)
1.32 (1.22–1.42)
1.29 (1.21–1.37)
1.43 (1.24–1.63)
1.24 (1.15–1.32)
P-trend
0.062
0.051
0.596
0.001
0.058
0.008
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
Low weight
0.66 (0.62–0.70)
0.67 (0.62–0.72)
0.65 (0.60–0.71)
0.63 (0.60–0.66)
0.63 (0.58–0.67)
0.63 (0.58–0.67)
Elevated weight
0.67 (0.61–0.73)
0.66 (0.59–0.73)
0.68 (0.59–0.77)
0.64 (0.60–0.69)
0.69 (0.63–0.74)
0.59 (0.53–0.66)
Overweight
0.78 (0.68–0.88)
0.78 (0.63–0.93)
0.78 (0.65–0.92)
0.89 (0.78–1.00)
0.94 (0.72–1.15)
0.87 (0.74–1.01)
P-trend
0.165
0.405
0.211
<0.001
<0.001
0.007
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
Low weight
5.03 (4.96–5.11)
5.21 (5.09–5.33)
4.86 (4.77–4.95)
5.00 (4.92–5.08)
5.18 (5.05–5.32)
4.84 (4.76–4.93)
Elevated weight
5.04 (4.94–5.13)
5.20 (5.01–5.39)
4.95 (4.84–5.05)
5.13 (5.03–5.22)
5.30 (5.17–5.43)
4.92 (4.81–5.04)
Overweight
5.26 (5.11–5.42)
5.31 (5.12–5.50)
5.23 (4.99–5.47)
5.20 (5.05–5.34)
5.19 (4.93–5.43)
5.20 (5.02–5.38)
P-trend
0.034
0.569
0.004
0.008
0.509
<0.001
Uric acid (mmol/L)
Low weight
0.28 (0.27–0.29)
0.32 (0.31–0.34)
0.24 (0.23–0.26)
0.27 (0.26–0.29)
0.33 (0.31–0.34)
0.23 (0.22–0.24)
Elevated weight
0.27 (0.26–0.29)
0.33 (0.31–0.35)
0.24 (0.22–0.25)
0.29 (0.27–0.30)
0.33 (0.32–0.35)
0.24 (0.22–0.25)
Overweight
0.31 (0.29–0.34)
0.38 (0.35–0.41)
0.26 (0.24–0.29)
0.31 (0.29–0.33)
0.39 (0.34–0.44)
0.28 (0.26–0.29)
P-trend
0.080
0.002
0.078
0.011
0.008
<0.001
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LDL-cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Elevated weight is defined for weight above sex- and age-specific medians and below cut off for overweight.
