Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents in a Country of the African Region

Table 3

Odds ratios for the association between cardiometabolic risk factors at the age of 19-20 years and body mass index categories measured at the age of 12–15 years or at the age of 19 years.

	12–15 years		19-20 years
	Males (𝑛=175)	Females (𝑛=215)	Males (𝑛=175)	Females (𝑛=215)
Blood pressure ≥120/80 mmHg (M: 53.1%; F: 21.9%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	1.27 (0.62–2.61)	3.89 (1.73–8.78)	3.12 (1.59–6.13)	4.70 (1.96–11.26)
Overweight	2.54 (1.10–5.90)	3.86 (1.53–9.73)	5.44 (1.84–16.06)	4.70 (2.02–10.94)
LDL-cholesterol ≥3.0 mmol/L (M: 17.7%; F: 36.3%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	2.11 (0.81–5.56)	1.73 (0.93–3.24)	4.17 (1.60–10.88)	1.08 (0.52–2.22)
Overweight	4.00 (1.53–10.42)	1.42 (0.66–3.04)	6.86 (2.15–21.91)	2.52 (1.30–4.86)
HDL-cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L (M: 15.4%; F: 20.0%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	0.38 (0.14–1.03)	0.98 (0.48–2.04)	0.33 (0.13–0.84)	0.68 (0.30–1.55)
Overweight	0.27 (0.10–0.75)	2.07 (0.72–5.93)	0.33 (0.10–1.12)	0.76 (0.34–1.68)
Triglycerides ≥1.00 mmol/L (M: 10.9%; F: 13.0%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	0.67 (0.17–2.56)	0.86 (0.31–2.38)	2.19 (0.66–7.24)	1.39 (0.37–5.16)
Overweight	1.98 (0.66–5.94)	3.05 (1.18–7.89)	8.03 (2.25–28.64)	7.00 (2.60–18.88)
Glycemia ≥5.6 mmol/L (M: 24.0%; F: 8.8%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	0.64 (0.26–1.56)	1.27 (0.39–4.10)	0.86 (0.40–1.84)	1.02 (0.24–4.26)
Overweight	0.90 (0.36–2.24)	3.00 (0.94–9.55)	0.87 (0.29–2.62)	3.27 (1.12–9.50)
Uric acid >0.39 (M) or 0.31 (F) mmol/L (M: 18.9%; F: 20.9%)
Low BMI	1	1	1	1
Elevated BMI	1.70 (0.69–4.16)	0.90 (0.42–1.94)	1.06 (0.44–2.56)	1.18 (0.48–2.89)
Overweight	1.79 (0.68–4.71)	1.62 (0.70–3.74)	3.81 (1.37–10.59)	2.75 (1.29–5.86)

LDL-cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein. M: males; F: females.
The prevalence of elevated CRFs in males (M) and females (F) is indicated between brackets.
Low levels of BMI refer to BMI values below the age- and sex-specific medians; overweight (which also includes obesity) is defined according to standard BMI cut-off values; and elevated BMI refers to intermediate BMI values.