Oral Glutamine Is Superior Than Oral Glucose to Promote Glycemia Recovery in Mice Submitted to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

Table 1

Liver production of pyruvate from increasing concentrations (mM) of lactate and liver production of pyruvate or lactate from increasing concentrations (mM) of alanine in fasted mice. The animals were subjected to in situ liver perfusion 180 min after an intraperitoneal injection of regular insulin (1.0 U⋅kg⁻¹, IIH group) or saline (NORMO group). The areas under curve (AUCs), that is, the increment of pyruvate and L-lactate production between 10 and 110 min were calculated as described in Section 2.

Glucose precursor	AUC of liver production of pyruvate and lactate (μmol⋅g^−1)
	Pyruvate		Lactate group HII
	NORMO group	IIH group	NORMO group	IIH group
Lactate mM
0.5	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	Nd	Nd
1.0	0.04±0.01	0.05±0.02	Nd	Nd
2.0	0.13±0.02	0.18±0.06	Nd	Nd
4.0	0.34±0.08	0.31±0.06	Nd	Nd
8.0	0.74±0.08	0.85±0.09	Nd	Nd
12.0	1.23±0.13	1.25±0.14	Nd	Nd
16.0	1.58±0.15	1.53±0.06	Nd	Nd
Alanine mM
0.5	0.02±0.01	0.02±0.01	0.05±0.04	0.07±0.02
1.0	0.03±0.01	0.02±0.01	0.14±0.04	0.11±0.03
2.0	0.07±0.02	0.06±0.02	0.23±0.05	0.18±0.05
4.0	0.12±0.04	0.07±0.01	0.44±0.04	0.28±0.06
8.0	0.33±0.10	0.48±0.13	0.60±0.05	0.42±0.02
12.0	0.26±0.08	0.85±0.14^∗	0.65±0.08	0.84±0.05^∗
16.0	0.18±0.09	1.16±0.09^∗	0.63±0.06	1.16±0.11^∗

Values of the area under curve (μmol⋅g⁻¹) are represented as mean ± standard deviation of 6–8 perfusion experiments. ^∗𝑃<0.05 NORMO versus IIH. Nd: not determined.