Challenges in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Subjects: What Is the Evidence and What Are the Myths?

Table 2

Summary of participants’ baseline characteristics in the reviewed studies.

Group	Look AHEAD trial		VADT		ACCORD trial		ADVANCE trial		UKPDS 38 trial
	ILI	DSE	Standard therapy	Intensive therapy	Intensive therapy	Standard therapy	Intensive control	Standard control	Intensive therapy	Moderate therapy
Subjects (𝑛)	2570	2575	899	892	5128	5123	5571	5569	758	390
Age (mean ± SD)	58.6±6.8	58.9±6.9	60.3±9.0	60.5±9.0	62.2±6.8	62.2±6.8	66±6	66±6	56.4 ± 8.1	56.5±8.1
Male (𝑛)	1044	1038	873	866	3143	3156	3195	3212	410	227
Female (𝑛)	1526	1537	26	26	1985	1967	2376	2357	348	163
Average HbA1c (%)	7.25±1.14	7.31±1.20	9.4±2.0	9.4±2.0	8.3±1.1	8.3±1.1	7.51±1.57	7.52±1.54	6.9 ± 1.7	6.8 ± 1.5
Weight (mean ± SD)	F; 94.8±17.9; M; 108.9±19.0	F; 95.4±17.3; M; 109.0±18.0	214±36	214±36	93.5±18.7	93.6±18.7	78.2±16.8	78.0±16.8
BMI (mean ± SD)	F; 36.3±6.2; M; 35.3±5.7	F; 36.6±6.0; M; 35.1±5.2	31.2±4.0	31.3±3.0	32.2±5.5	32.2±5.5	28±5	28±5	29.8±5.5	29.3±5.5
Systolic BP (mean ± SD)	128.1±17.3	129.45±17.1	132±17	131±17	136.2±16.9	136.4±17.2	145.0±21.7	145.0±21.4	159±20	160±18
Diastolic BP (mean ± SD)	69.69±9.55	70.4±9.72	76±10	76±10	74.8±10.6	75.0±10.7	80.8±11.0	80.5±10.8	94±10	94±9

ILI represents intensive lifestyle intervention; DSE represents diabetes support and education (conventional management); M and F represent males and females, respectively. Data are presented as (𝑛) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).