Speciation, Phenotypic Variation and Plasticity: What Can Endocrine Disruptors Tell Us?

Table 1

Enzymes involved in chromatin epigenetic tagging/untagging [2–4].

Epigenetic modification (tagging/untagging)	Enzymes
DNA modifications:	DNA modifying enzymes
Methylation	DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)
Histone modifications:	Histone modifying enzymes
Acetylation of specific lysine residues/Deacetylation	Histone acetyltransferases (HATs)/Histone deacetylases (HDACs)
Methylation of specific lysine or arginine residues/Demethylation	Histone methyltransferases (HKMTs and HRMTs)/Lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1); arginine-deiminases
Phosphorylation of serine or threonine groups/dephosphorylation	Histone Kinases (HKs)/Phosphatases (PPTases)
Ubiquitinylation/removal of ubiquitin	Ubiquitinases/“deubiquitinases” or ubiquitin hydrolases (Ubps)
Sumoylation	SUMO E3 ligase
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation/removal of Poly(ADP-ribose) units	PAR polymerases/poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolases (PARGs)