Review Article
Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis after Preterm Birth: The Role of Early Life Factors and Nutrition
Table 1
Summary of key papers on BMD and osteoporosis after preterm birth.
| Author | Year | Cohort type | Study design | Findings |
| Rigo et al. [9] | 2007 | Preterm and term | Review | Greater loss of BMD in preterms than in terms during neonatal period. Maternal vitamin D exposure affects bone health in the newborn. | Bowden et al. [25] | 1999 | Preterm and term | Retrospective cross-sectional | Preterm infants have reduced bone mineral mass in conjunction with reduced growth and hip BMD aged 8 years. | Hovi et al. [31] | 2009 | LBW infants | Cohort | VLBW young adults have reduced peak BMD than their term peers. | Ahmad et al. [26] | 2010 | Preterm and term | Prospective | Preterms had lower body weight, length and BMD at term compared to term-born infants. | Abou Samra et al. [28] | 2009 | Preterm and term | Cross-sectional | Term males have greater bone size and mass than preterm males at follow-up aged 7 years. |
Backström et al. [30] | 2005 | Preterm and term | Cross-sectional | Preterms have smaller cross-sectional bone dimensions in adulthood than terms. | Dalziel et al. [35] | 2006 | Preterm | RCT with longitudinal follow-up | Antenatal steroids did not affect peak bone mass. LBW and short gestation predicted reduced adult height. Slow fetal growth predicted lower bone mass. | Fewtrell et al. [36] | 2000 | Preterm | Longitudinal | Bone mass at 8–12 years is related to current size. Linear growth important in maximising bone mass. | Fewtrell et al. [37] | 2009 | Preterm | Longitudinal | Infant diet does not affect peak bone mass. | Breukhoven et al. [38] | 2011 | Preterm | Cross-sectional | Preterm birth does not affect BMD in young adults. |
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