Differences in the Cardiometabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes according to Gender and the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the eControl Study
Table 4
Treatment (%) used to control the different CVRFs in patients with or without CVD by gender.
Treatment
All patients
CVD
No CVD
= 286,791
= 52,665
= 234,126
Men
Women
value
Men
Women
value
Men
Women
value
= 153,987
= 132,804
= 34,283
= 18,382
= 119,704
= 114,422
Glucose-lowering
Lifestyle changes only
24.6
24.1
0.003
17.8
18.2
0.021
26.6
25.1
<0.001
Oral monotherapy
36.3
34.5
<0.001
33.8
29.2
<0.001
37.0
35.4
<0.001
Combination of OAD
22.9
21.9
<0.001
23.5
19.9
<0.001
22.7
22.2
0.001
Insulin + OAD
8.80
11.7
<0.001
13.3
18.1
<0.001
7.50
10.7
<0.001
Insulin monotherapy
7.37
7.80
<0.001
11.7
14.7
<0.001
6.10
6.70
<0.001
Any pharmacological treatment
75.4
75.9
0.003
82.3
81.9
0.021
73.3
75
<0.001
Antihypertensive
No treatment
34.2
26.8
<0.001
13.6
11.6
<0.001
40.1
29.2
<0.001
ACE inhibitor/ARA2
16.3
14.9
<0.001
12.3
11.4
0.004
17.5
15.5
<0.001
Diuretic
2.01
4.4
<0.001
1.37
2.45
<0.001
2.20
4.72
<0.001
Beta-blocker
2.59
1.91
<0.001
5.60
3.37
<0.001
1.73
1.68
0.04
Calcium-channel blocker
2.19
2.15
0.43
3.82
3.28
0.001
1.73
1.97
<0.001
Combination of 2
22.7
26.8
<0.001
30.4
29.8
0.17
20.5
26.3
<0.001
Combination of 3 or more
19.5
22.8
<0.001
32.6
37.9
<0.001
15.7
20.3
<0.001
Any pharmacological treatment
65.8
73.2
<0.001
86.4
88.4
<0.001
59.9
70.8
<0.001
Lipid-lowering
No treatment
50.3
49.4
<0.001
27.1
31.1
<0.001
56.9
52.4
<0.001
Statin
40.5
43.3
<0.001
60.2
58.9
0.003
34.8
40.8
<0.001
Fibrate
3.88
2.81
<0.001
2.36
2.17
0.17
4.31
2.91
<0.001
Statin + fibrate
1.06
0.67
<0.001
1.81
1.13
<0.001
0.84
0.59
<0.001
Any pharmacological treatment
49.7
50.6
<0.001
72.9
68.9
<0.001
43.1
47.6
<0.001
Antiplatelet
No treatment
60.7
66.3
<0.001
22.5
28.2
<0.001
71.7
72.4
<0.001
Aspirin
31.4
28.8
<0.001
52.2
51.2
0.02
25.4
25.2
0.19
Clopidogrel
4.14
2.98
<0.001
12.6
11.9
0.01
1.71
1.55
0.004
Any pharmacological treatment
39.3
33.7
<0.001
77.5
71.8
<0.001
28.3
27.6
<0.001
ACE: acetylcholinesterase; ARA2: angiotensin II receptor antagonist; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; OAD: oral antidiabetic drugs.
