Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men

Table 2

Association between testosterone level and severity of coronary artery disease.

Study name	Subfraction of testosterone used for analysis	Method of measuring CAD severity	Main findings	Remarks
Dobrzycki et al. [34]; (CCS, 𝑛=96)	TT, FT, FAI	Duke index*	Inverse correlation between FT and CAD severity	𝑟=−0.69, 𝑃=0.048
Rosano et al. [35]; (CCS, 𝑛=129)	TT	Coronary artery score**	Inverse correlation between TT and CAD severity	𝑟=−0.52, 𝑃<0.01
Li et al. [36]; (CCS, 𝑛=803)	TT	Genisi score***	Inverse correlation between TT and CAD severity	𝑟=−0.188, 𝑃<0.001
Phillips et al. [37]; (CCS, 𝑛=55)	TT, FT	Visual estimation of coronary artery occlusion and calculation of mean percent occlusion****	Inverse correlation between TT and FT levels and CAD severity	TT: 𝑟=−0.43, 𝑃<0.02; FT: 𝑟=−0.62, 𝑃<0.001

CAD indicates coronary artery disease; CCS: case-control study; FAI: free androgen index; FT: free testosterone; TT: total testosterone.
∗Duke prognostic coronary artery index: a prognostic tool involving the extent and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries.
∗∗Coronary artery score: authors multiplied the degree of coronary artery obstruction by the number of stenoses.
∗∗∗Genisi score: calculated based on location and number of stenotic coronary artery segments, and degree of luminal narrowing.
∗∗∗∗Authors visually estimated the maximum percent reduction in luminal diameter of the left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. The mean of these 4 values was used to estimate CAD severity.