Authors Subjects and clinical conditions Age Dose Duration BF BR BMD Side effect Kruse and Kuhlencordt, 1975 [241 ] 3 MO 58, 36, 45 1.45 to 2.3 mg/day 8 to 15 months
New periosteal bone formation and osteoblasts significantly increased Fluid retention and carpal tunnel syndrome Brixen et al., 1990 [242 ] 20 M
0.06 7 days
BMC got significantly higher None Rudman et al., 1990 [243 ] 12 M
times/week6 months — — Increase in lumbar vertebral BMD and in lean body mass None Marcus et al.,1990 [260 ] 16 M and W 60 0.03, 0.06, or 0.12 7 days
— PTH and osteocalcin increased Impaired oral glucose tolerance
Clemmesen et al., 1993 [246 ] 42 PMO
7.2 mg/week 12 week
Bone mass decreased None Kassem et al., 1994 [247 ] 30 PMO
0.067 3 days
Significantly increased serums IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 None Holloway et al., 1994 [244 ] 19 W
0.02 6 months
No significant changes at the lumbar spine and femoral neck Fluid retention and carpal tunnel syndrome Brixen et al., 1995 [128 ] 40 PMO 52–73
0.015–0.03–0.06 7 days
Dose-dependent stimulation of bone formation and bone resorption None Erdtsieck et al., 1995 [248 ] 21 PMO
0.020 3 times/week + pamidronate 1 year
Blunted the pamidronate induced accumulation of bone mineral mass and the reduction of bone turnover None Johansson et al., 1996 [257 ] 12 MIO
0.60 mg/m2 or 7 days
IGF-I enhanced formation of collagen type I more than GH did None Bianda, 1997 [261 ] 7 M
3.63 5 days
Bone turnover and free calcitriol index increased None Holloway et al., 1997 [249 ] 84 PMO
0.020 (7 days followed by 5 days of calcitonin 100 U) 2 years
days cycles
Significant increases of BMD at lumbar spine and hip in the combined GH + CT and GH + placebo None Kassem et al., 1998 [250 ] 40 PMO 52–73
0.015–0.03–0.6 7 days
Significantly increased serums IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 None Sugimoto et al., 1999 [251 ] 8 F 71 ± 3.4 0.038/kg/week 4 weeks
Increases in radial and lumbar BMD, None
Sääf et al., 1999 [252 ] 12 PMO
0,015 and reduced to 50% 1 year No change No change Decreased BMD at femoral neck None Sugimoto et al., 2002 [253 ] 8 PMO
0.0054 48 weeks
Radial BMD significantly increased after discontinuation of GH treatment None
Gillberg et al., 2002 [254 ] 29 M IO
0.36 12 months
Increased BMD and BMC sustained for at least 1 yr after treatment None Landin-Wilhelmsen et al., 2003 [255 ] 80 PMO 50–70 0.30 or 0.75 mg/day 3 years
BMC increased 14% None Joseph et al., 2008 [256 ] 14 PMO
0.2 mg/d × 4 wk increments of 0.1 mg/d every 2 wk 12 months
Net, increase in BMD, and sensitivity to PTH restored None
