No Obesity Paradox—BMI Incapable of Adequately Capturing the Relation of Obesity with All-Cause Mortality: An Inception Diabetes Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the participants with new-onset diabetes mellitus stratified by tertile of body mass index.
Tertile 1
Tertile 2
Tertile 3
value*
Total
Number of participants
441
441
440
—
1322
Median body mass index (kg·m−2)
24.9
28.9
33.8
—
28.9
Minimum body mass index (kg·m−2)
15.7
26.9
31.1
—
15.7
Maximum body mass index (kg·m−2)
26.9
31.1
57.7
—
57.7
Categorically distributed variables
Male
259 (0.59)
213 (0.48)
118 (0.27)
<0.001
590 (0.45)
Smoker
67 (0.15)
55 (0.13)
32 (0.07)
<0.001
154 (0.12)
Blood pressure lowering drug usage
107 (0.24)
118 (0.27)
136 (0.31)
<0.001
361 (0.27)
History of previous cardiovascular disease
76 (0.18)
90 (0.21)
80 (0.18)
0.957
246 (0.19)
Assigned to life style modification intervention
160 (0.36)
170 (0.39)
166 (0.38)
0.549
496 (0.38)
Continuously distributed variables
Age (years)
55.22 (11.96)
53.48 (11.69)
52.25 (10.93)
<0.001
53.65 (11.59)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
127.40 (20.77)
130.02 (22.75)
132.52 (21.79)
<0.001
129.97 (21.86)
Total cholesterol (mmol·l−1)
5.65 (1.23)
5.84 (1.32)
5.82 (1.21)
0.001
5.77 (1.26)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol·l−1)
1.03 (0.28)
1.01 (0.29)
1.04 (0.26)
0.002
1.03 (0.28)
Waist circumference (cm)
87.87 (8.05)
97.31 (6.98)
106.03 (8.44)
<0.001
97.06 (10.87)
Hip circumference (cm)
94.80 (5.03)
101.87 (4.56)
112.87 (5.58)
<0.001
103.16 (9.75)
Outcome
All-cause mortality
48 (10.9)
33 (7.5)
27 (6.1)
0.236
108 (8.2)
All-cause mortality rate, per (10 000 person-year)
90.8 (65.8–125.3)
53.7 (35.0–82.3)
64.2 (44.0–93.5)
0.140
69.7 (56.3–86.2)
Data are presented as mean (SD) or frequency (%) for continuously and categorically distributed variables, respectively. Mortality is presented as per 10 000 person-years (95% CIs). values were obtained from general linear models adjusted for age for independent variables; mortality rates were compared using Cox proportional hazard regression model.
