Evaluating the Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Muslim Patients with Diabetes in relation to Use of Medication and Lifestyle Patterns: A Prospective Study

Table 1

Patient demographics and attributes.

Patient characteristics	All ( = 153)
Gender
Male	57 (37.3)
Female	96 (62.7)
Age (years)	56.7 ± 9.1
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.4 ± 6.7
Education level
No formal education	11 (7.2)
1st to 6th grade	52 (34.0)
7th to 12th grade	81 (52.9)
College/university	9 (5.9)
Employment status
Employed	63 (41.2)
Unemployed	90 (58.8)
Average number of fasting days	26 ± 5
Duration of diabetes (years)	13.2 ± 9.1
Comorbidities^a	4 ± 2
Antidiabetic medication
No medication	3 (2)
OHA^b alone	57 (37.3)
Insulin alone	21 (13.7)
OHA^b and insulin	72 (47.1)

Data are presented as number (%) or means ± SD.
^aThe three most common comorbidities were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neuropathy.
^bOral hypoglycemic agent.