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| Authors, year | Study design | Country | Population | Time | Age years (range or mean SD) | Cohort size | Exposure assessment: MetS criteria | Number of cases | Results (outcome: PCa) | Level of evidence |
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Laukkanen et al., 2004 [91] | Longitudinal cohort study | Finland | Kuopio communities | 1984–2001 | 42–62 | 1880 (White) | WHO | 56 | Risk increase (RR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06–3.53) | 2b |
| Håheim et al., 2006 [92] | Longitudinal cohort study | Norway | Oslo study | 1972–1998 | 40–49 | 15 933 (White) | Upper quartile levels ATP III criteria | 507 | Risk increase (RR: 1.56; 95 %CI: 1.21–2) | 2b |
| Martin et al., 2009 [93] | Longitudinal cohort study | Norway | Nord-Trondelag Health study (HUNT 2) | 1996–2005 | | 29 364 (White) | NCEP: ATP III | 687 | No association (HR: 0.91, 95% CI, 0.877–1.09) | 2b |
| Beebe-Dimmer et al., 2009 [94] | Case-control study | USA | Gene Environment and Prostate Cancer study (GECAP) | 2001–2004 | | 881 (56% White; 44% African-American) | NCEP: ATP III | 637 | Risk increase in African-American population (OR: 1.71, 95% CI; 0.97–3.01) | 3 |
| Tande et al., 2006 [95] | Longitudinal cohort study | USA | Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC); | 1987–2000 | 45–64 | 6429 (49% White; 61% African-American) | NCEP: ATP III | 385 | Risk reduction (RR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.51–1.05) | 2b |
| Kheterpal et al., 2012 [96] | Longitudinal cohort study | USA | Robotic radical prostatectomy | 2005–2008 | 45–65 | 2756 | BMI ≥30 and ≥2 of the following: hypertension, diabetes or elevated blood glucose, and dyslipidemia | 357 | Greater pathology Gleason grade (7: 78% versus 64%, ) and pathologic stage (T3 disease: 43% versus 32%, ) | 3 |
| C. De Nunzio et al., 2011 [78] | Cohort study | Italy | Prostate biopsy cohort study | 2009-2010 | 47–83 | 195 (White) | NCEP: ATP III | 102 | No association (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.48–1.95); Increased risk for Gleason score 7 in pts with PCA (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.33–10.9) | 3 |
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