High Risk First Degree Relatives of Type 1 Diabetics: An Association with Increases in CXCR3⁺ T Memory Cells Reflecting an Enhanced Activity of Th1 Autoimmune Response

Figure 1

Expression profiles of CXCR3 and CCR4 on CD4 T cells subpopulations (CD4⁺ low and CD4⁺ high). Based on their expression profile, CD4⁺ T cells were divided into CD4⁺ low and CD4⁺ high subpopulations, and the percentage of their contribution to the lymphocyte gate was displayed ((a)–(d), far left panel) and CXCR3 and CCR4 expression was determined for CD4⁺ lo/CD45RO⁺ cells and CD4⁺ high/CD45RO⁺ cells. Representative histograms and dot plots for (a) high risk first degree relatives (hrFDR), (b) low risk first degree relatives (lrFDR), (c) patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes in insulin requiring state (RT1D-IRS), or (d) healthy control (HC) are presented.

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