Assessment of the Common Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jeddah

Table 2

Univariate analysis showing crude association of sociodemographic factors with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Variables	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	value
Gender
Male	3.45 (1.92–6.18)	0.0001
Female	Reference
Age
40	Reference	0.0001
41–50	6.91 (3.29–14.51)
51–60	12.25 (5.77–26.03)
60	36.03 (13.28–97.73)
Educational level
Illiterate	10.4 (2.22–48.62)	0.0001
Primary	4.77 (1.03–22.02)
Secondary	1.07 (0.23–4.84)
Intermediate	2.67 (0.59–12.13)
Bachelor degree	1.08 (0.25–4.66)
Master degree	Reference
Region
Western Region	Reference	0.003
Eastern Region	4.74 (1.89–11.88)
Southern Region	1.07 (0.59–1.94)
Northern Region	1.36 (0.56–3.32)
Other	0.47 (0.18–1.25)
Occupation
Employee	Reference	0.0001
Volunteer/student	0.07 (0.03–0.2)
Jobless/housewife	1.28 (0.68–2.44)
Retired	2.82 (1.06–7.48)
Salary (in Saudi riyals)
1,000–2,000	3.95 (1.52–10.25)	0.0001
2,000–5,000	6.94 (3.07–15.71)
5,000–7,000	3.38 (1.42–8.06)
7,000–10,000	2.82 (1.08–7.37)
10,000	Reference
Marital status
Single	Reference	0.0001
Married	7.16 (3.15–16.29)
Divorced/widowed/separated	10.61 (3.95–28.51)
Family history of diabetes in blood relatives
Mother/father/brother/sister	1.79 (1.09–2.93)	0.020
Grandmother/father	0.45 (0.26–0.79)	0.005
Uncle/aunt	0.55 (0.29–1.07)	0.080
Nature of Job
Physically active work	1.76 (0.6–5.15)	0.300
No physically active work	Reference
Do you do household chores?
Yes	Reference	0.060
No	1.93 (1.11–3.35)
Sometimes	1.14 (0.58–2.26)
Do you have a servant at home?
Yes	0.87 (0.53–1.43)	0.580
No	Reference
Compared to others of your age, you can say you are
More active	0.74 (0.42–1.32)	0.590
Less Active	0.91 (0.51–1.63)
No difference	Reference
Currently smoking
Yes	3.97 (1.58–9.98)	0.003
No	Reference
Hypertension
Yes	3.58 (2.11–6.09)	0.0001
No	Reference
BMI (in kg/m^2)
25	Reference	0.001
25–29.9	2.32 (1.19–4.49)
30	7.64 (3.33–17.54)

BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.