An Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Is an Effective Treatment of Morbid Obesity: The TRAMOMTANA Study—A Two-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.
Characteristic
ILI () total population
COT () total population
SOG () total population
value†
Age, yr
47.8 ± 11.5
46.9 ± 10.3
44.1 ± 9.8
0.2533
Male/female sex, number (% male)
17/43 (28.3)
17/29 (37.0)
11/26 (29.7)
0.6164
Weight, Kg
122.2 ± 20.1
126 ± 17.9
132.8 ± 24.4
0.0526
Height, cm
1.63 ± 0.1
1.64 ± 0.1
1.64 ± 0.1
0.8161
Body-mass index‡
45.8 ± 5
46.8 ± 4.6
49.2 ± 5.9
0.0068
Systolic blood pressure
131.9 ± 18.7
136.1 ± 14
132.6 ± 14.4
0.3933
Diastolic blood pressure
86.8 ± 10
86.6 ± 10
82.8 ± 8.9
0.1129
Heart rate
82.9 ± 11.7
89 ± 10.6
81 ± 7.9
0.0014
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Total
202.8 ± 37.2
194.4 ± 31.8
178.8 ± 38
0.0067
High-density lipoprotein
49.4 ± 10.4
44.1 ± 9.1
40.2 ± 6.2
<0.0001
Low-density lipoprotein
121.8 ± 31.8
119.2 ± 23
118 ± 28.9
0.7915
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
162 ± 62.4
151.4 ± 66.7
136.5 ± 63.9
0.1647
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
122.1 ± 40.1
116.4 ± 40.6
110.4 ± 26.9
0.3242
Glycated hemoglobin, %
6.7 ± 1.7 ()
7.8 ± 1.7 ()
6.4 ± 0.8 ()
0.2291
Diabetes, number (%)
15 (25)
11 (23.9)
9 (24.3)
0.9905
Study level
Basic, number (%)
42 (70.0)
33 (71.7)
34 (91.89)
0.0333
Medium, number (%)
12 (20.0)
9 (19.6)
3 (8.1)
0.2601
High, number (%)
6 (10.0)
4 (8.7)
0 (0.0)
0.148
Marital status
Single, number (%)
11 (18.3)
12 (26.1)
11 (29.7)
0.3985
Married, number (%)
37 (61.7)
26 (56.5)
15 (40.5)
0.1208
Widowed, number (%)
4 (6.7)
2 (4.3)
2 (5.4)
0.8744
Separated & divorced, number (%)
8 (13.33)
6 (13.03)
9 (24.32)
0.2847
Birth country
Spain, number (%)
58 (96.7)
42 (91.3)
34 (91.9)
0.4611
Latin American, number (%)
1 (1.7)
3 (6.5)
2 (5.4)
0.4256
Rest of Europe, number (%)
1 (1.7)
1 (2.2)
1 (2.7)
0.9411
Tobacco use
Current smoker, number (%)
9 (15.0)
10 (21.7)
7 (18.9)
0.6659
0–20, number (%)
1 (11.1)
7 (70.0)
5 (71.4)
0.0307
>20, number (%)
8 (88.9)
3 (30.0)
2 (28.6)
0.3993
Past or never, number (%)
51 (85.0)
36 (78.3)
30 (81.1)
0.6659
Race
Caucasian, number (%)
59 (98.3)
44 (95.6)
35 (94.6)
0.5788
Other races, number (%)
1 (1.7)
2 (4.3)
2 (5.4)
0.5788
Diabetes, number (%)
15 (25.0)
11 (23.9)
9 (24.3)
0.9905
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
122.1 ± 40.1
116.4 ± 40.6
110.4 ± 26.9
0.3242
Glycated hemoglobin, %
6.7 ± 1.7 ()
7.8 ± 1.7 ()
6.4 ± 0.8 ()
0.2291
Plus-minus values are means ± SD. † values are for comparisons within the three groups. ‡The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. ILI: Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, COT: Conventional Obesity Therapy, and SOG: Surgical Obesity Group.
