| | Reference | Source material | Thyroid sample type | Analytical method | Main results |
| | Deja et al., 2013 [116] | Thyroid tissue | Thyroid carcinoma; follicular adenoma; nonneoplastic nodules (hyperplastic, colloid, and cystic nodules); healthy control | 1H NMR | Discrimination of thyroid lesions (TC, FA, and NN) from healthy control (HC) as well as between different thyroid lesions was reported
Potential biomarkers/discriminators:
(i) TC, FA, and NN > HC: lactate, alanine, methionine, glutamine, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, hypoxantine, and taurine;
(ii) TC, FA, and NN < HC: acetone, myo- and scyllo-inositol, and lipids;
(iii) FA > NN: branched chain amino acids (BCAA);
(iv) FA > NN: citrate and N-acetylated compounds;
(v) FA > TC: myo- and scyllo-inositol;
(vi) FA < TC: lactate, methionine |
| Miccoli et al., 2012 [55];
Torregrossa et al., 2012 [117] | Thyroid tissue | Thyroid carcinoma (PTC, FVPTC, FTC); follicular adenoma; nonneoplastic nodules (goiter nodule); healthy control | HRMAS NMR | Discrimination of thyroid neoplasia (TC, FA, and NN) from healthy tissues (HC) and benign (FA, NN) from malignant (TC) neoplasia was reported
Potential biomarkers/discriminators:
(i) TC > FA, NN: phenylalanine, taurine, and lactate;
(ii) TC < FA, NN: lipids, choline, phosphocholine, and scyllo- and myo-inositol;
(iii) HC > TC (PTC): lipids;
(iv) HC < TC (PTC): lactate, alanine |
| | Guo et al., 2014 [58] | Thyroid tissue
serum | Thyroid carcinoma (PTC, FTC); benign thyroid tumour (thyroid adenoma and multinodular goiter); healthy control | MALDI-FTICR-IMS
MALDI-FTICR-MS | Discrimination between malignant (TC) and being (BTT) tumors, as well as healthy control (HC) was reported
Potential biomarkers/discriminators (in tissue and sera):
(i) TC, BTT versus HC: PC (34:1);
(ii) TC versus BTT: PA (36:3), SM (34:1);
(iii) TC versus BTT versus HC: PC (34:1), PA (36:3), and SM (34:1) |
| | Ishikawa et al., 2012 [67] | Thyroid tissue | Thyroid carcinoma (PTC); healthy control | MALDI-IMS | Discrimination between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and normal tissue (HC)
Potential biomarkers/discriminators:
(i) PTC > HC: phosphatidylcholine PC (34:1), PC (34:2), and sphingomyelin SM (34:1) |
| | Yao et al., 2011 [118] | Serum | Thyroid carcinoma (PTC); nonneoplastic nodules (goiter nodule); healthy control | LC/MS | Discrimination between thyroid lesions (PTC, NN) and healthy control (HC)
Potential biomarkers/discriminators:
(i) PTC > NN, HC: 3-hydroxybutyric acid;
(ii) PTC > NN: 3-hydroxybutyric acid, FFA (free fatty acids), and acetylcarnitine |
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