Effect of Repetitive Glucose Spike and Hypoglycaemia on Atherosclerosis and Death Rate in Apo E-Deficient Mice

Figure 1

Experimental protocol. Mice of the control group () were provided with water by oral gavage twice a day (9:00 AM and 4:00 PM) and received intraperitoneal injections of 10 mL/kg saline in the morning once a week. Mice of the glucose group () were provided with glucose (2.0 g/kg) by oral gavage twice a day and received intraperitoneal injections of 10 mL/kg saline once a week. Mice of the glucose (2.0 g/kg) plus ipragliflozin group () were provided with glucose (2.0 g/kg) twice a day and ipragliflozin (3 mg/kg) once a day by oral gavage and received intraperitoneal injections of 10 mL/kg saline once a week. Mice of the insulin group () were provided with water by oral gavage twice a day and received intraperitoneal injections of 8 IU/kg insulin once a week. Mice of the glucose plus insulin group () were provided with glucose (2.0 g/kg) by oral gavage twice a day and received intraperitoneal injections of 8 IU/kg insulin once a week.