Effect of Repetitive Glucose Spike and Hypoglycaemia on Atherosclerosis and Death Rate in Apo E-Deficient Mice
Table 2
Daily plasma glucose profile of each group.
Control group
Glucose group
Glucose + ipragliflozin group
Insulin group
Glucose + insulin group
Day 18
Glucose level (mmol/L) after first administration
0 min
11.9 ± 0.5
11.7 ± 0.4
13.5 ± 0.3
13.0 ± 0.3
12.9 ± 0.3
15 min
12.3 ± 0.5
18.0 ± 0.5
16.9 ± 0.4
14.3 ± 0.6#†
21.8 ± 0.8
30 min
13.7 ± 0.6
15.6 ± 0.7
16.1 ± 0.5
15.1 ± 0.4
18.9 ± 1.0
60 min
12.8 ± 0.7
12.4 ± 0.6
12.8 ± 0.4
13.5 ± 0.4
14.4 ± 0.5
120 min
10.6 ± 0.4
10.3 ± 0.4
10.0 ± 0.2
12.2 ± 0.3
11.9 ± 0.3
Glucose level (mmol/L) after second administration
0 min
9.9 ± 0.4
10.4 ± 0.3
10.2 ± 0.4
11.0 ± 0.3
11.1 ± 0.2
15 min
10.5 ± 0.4
17.4 ± 0.4
15.4 ± 0.4
11.2 ± 0.3#†
19.3 ± 0.8
30 min
11.4 ± 0.5
13.6 ± 0.7
12.6 ± 0.7
12.7 ± 0.5
14.3 ± 1.0
60 min
10.5 ± 0.6
10.8 ± 0.3
9.7 ± 0.3
10.7 ± 0.4
11.6 ± 0.3
120 min
9.2 ± 0.5
8.5 ± 0.2
8.8 ± 0.6
10.0 ± 0.4
11.0 ± 0.2
Day 102
Glucose level (mmol/L) after first administration
0 min
10.3 ± 0.4
10.5 ± 0.5
12.3 ± 0.4
11.2 ± 0.2
11.6 ± 0.4
15 min
10.4 ± 0.6
18.0 ± 0.4
16.0 ± 0.7
11.8 ± 0.2#†
17.9 ± 0.6
30 min
11.3 ± 0.5
15.1 ± 0.6
14.4 ± 0.7
13.2 ± 0.3
15.3 ± 0.5
60 min
10.8 ± 0.6
12.6 ± 0.6
11.8 ± 0.5
11.7 ± 0.3
13.0 ± 0.3
120 min
10.0 ± 0.2
9.6 ± 0.3
10.5 ± 0.4
10.9 ± 0.3
11.5 ± 0.2
Glucose level (mmol/L) after second administration
0 min
8.7 ± 0.3
8.8 ± 0.4
9.8 ± 0.3
10.8 ± 0.2
10.2 ± 0.4
15 min
10.4 ± 0.4
16.5 ± 0.5
15.2 ± 0.8
11.0 ± 0.4#†
18.1 ± 0.8
30 min
11.3 ± 0.5
12.5 ± 0.6
12.7 ± 0.6
12.2 ± 0.4
14.4 ± 0.9
60 min
10.0 ± 0.4
10.9 ± 0.5
11.0 ± 0.5
10.8 ± 0.6
11.8 ± 0.5
120 min
9.2 ± 0.4
9.1 ± 0.3
9.5 ± 0.3
10.2 ± 0.3
10.6 ± 0.3
Data are mean ± SEM. versus control, # versus glucose, † versus ipragliflozin, and versus insulin. Mice were provided with water (control group, insulin group) or glucose (glucose group, glucose + ipragliflozin group, and glucose + insulin group) by oral gavage twice a day (9:00 AM: first administration and 4:00 PM: second administration).
