Quality of Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dubai: A HEDIS-Like Assessment
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of T2DM patients in Dubai, followed up for a complete calendar year and therefore eligible for the HEDIS measure, at the time of enrolment in the study, October to December 2009.
Characteristic
T2DM HEDIS patients
()
(%)
Sex
Male
47
(31.3)
Female
103
(68.7)
Age (years)
Mean (SD)
58.3
(12.2)
Median (IQR)
56.9
(14.5)
18–34
4
(2.7)
35–49
22
(14.7)
50–64
81
(54.0)
65+
43
(28.7)
Weight1 (kg)
Mean (SD)
81.1
(13.9)
Median (IQR)
81.5
(17.0)
Missing
20
(13.3)
Disease duration (years)2
All patients
Mean (SD)
14.4
(7.7)
Median (IQR)
14.1
(11.3)
Diagnosed at study site
Mean (SD)
12.8
(7.6)
Median (IQR)
11.7
(11.2)
<5 years
12
(8.0)
5–9 years
14
(9.3)
10–14 years
14
(9.3)
15–19 years
17
(11.3)
20+ years
9
(6.0)
Diagnosed outside of study site
Mean (SD)
15.7
(7.5)
Median (IQR)
14.9
(12.4)
<5 years
4
(2.7)
5–9 years
18
(12.0)
10–14 years
20
(13.3)
15–19 years
15
(10.0)
20+ years
27
(18.0)
Meeting HbA1c targets (<7%)3
Yes
38
(25.3)
No
112
(74.7)
Immediate relatives with T2DM
None/unknown
120
(80.0)
At least one
30
(20.0)
Mother
18
(12.0)
Father
13
(8.7)
Brother
6
(4.0)
Sister
7
(4.7)
Son
0
(0.0)
Daughter
0
(0.0)
Other
2
(1.3)
Prior insulin treatment
Yes
110
(73.3)
No
40
(26.7)
Number of prior T2DM treatments received4
0
1
(0.7)
1
15
(10.0)
2
46
(30.7)
3
56
(37.3)
4
24
(16.0)
5
8
(5.3)
Type of prior T2DM treatments received4
Metformin
127
(84.7)
Insulin
110
(73.3)
Sulfonylureas
93
(62.0)
Thiazolidinediones
44
(29.3)
DPP-4 inhibitors
11
(7.3)
Meglitinides
4
(2.7)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
2
(1.3)
GLP-1 analogues
1
(0.7)
Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitors
2
(1.3)
Comorbidities/complications
Any
147
(98.0)
None
3
(2.0)
Macrovascular complications
9
(6.0)
Angina
5
(3.3)
Prior stroke/transient ischemic attack
3
(2.0)
Coronary artery disease
0
(0.0)
Peripheral vascular disease
1
(0.7)
Prior myocardial infarction
1
(0.7)
Congestive heart failure
0
(0.0)
Microvascular complications
25
(16.7)
Retinopathy
9
(6.0)
Diabetic nephropathy
11
(7.3)
Chronic kidney disease
9
(6.0)
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
4
(2.7)
Diabetic foot
1
(0.7)
Chronic renal failure/end-stage renal disease
1
(0.7)
Other
Hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia
137
(91.3)
Hypertension
119
(79.3)
DPP = dipeptidyl peptidase; GLP = glucagon-like peptide; HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; IQR = interquartile range; kg = kilogram; = number; SD = standard deviation; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus. Height, abdominal girth, and body mass index (BMI) data are not reported here as they were not routinely recorded in the eligible medical charts. Height was recorded for 20 of the eligible patients; abdominal girth and BMI were only recorded for one patient in the study sample. Time since diagnosis, calculated as the time from diagnosis date to the study enrolment date. Treatment target identified by ADA and UAE National Diabetes Guidelines [16, 17]. Unique treatments, received either alone or in combination with other agents.
