Effects of a Short Educational Program for the Prevention of Foot Ulcers in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients enrolled.
Standard care
Educational program
Number
60
60
—
Gender (women, %)
28 (46.7)
20 (33.3)
0.14
Age (years)
69.4 ± 11.3
72.0 ± 8.9
0.11
Duration of diabetes (years)
15.9 ± 11.2
14.2 ± 12.4
0.48
BMI (Kg/m2)
30.0 ± 5.6
29.4 ± 4.7
0.61
Waist circumference (cm)
106.4 ± 13.9
104.2 ± 11.1
0.51
HbA1c (%)
7.3 ± 1.4
7.4 ± 1.3
0.86
Systolic pressure (mmHg)
139 ± 19
136 ± 17
0.41
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)
75 ± 10
79 ± 16
0.24
Smokers/ex-smokers (%)
20 (33.3)
21 (35)
0.59
Charlson’s comorbidity score
2.9 ± 2.8
3.0 ± 2.7
0.87
PIN questionnaire score
20 16; 22
19 16; 20
0.65
Medical history (%)
Peripheral artery disease
10 (16.7)
5 (8.3)
0.17
Neuropathy
48 (80.0)
50 (83.3)
0.89
Previous ulcers
6 (9.9)
7 (11.7)
0.49
Foot abnormalities
6 (9.9)
3 (4.9)
0.37
Retinopathy
4 (6.7)
10 (16.7)
0.088
Chronic renal failure‡
6 (10.0)
7 (11.7)
0.77
Cardiac disease†
18 (30.0)
18 (30.0)
>0.99
Chronic heart failure
6 (10.0)
5 (8.3)
0.75
Cerebrovascular disease††
6 (10.0)
4 (6.7)
0.51
Nonmetastatic malignancies
4 (6.7)
5 (8.3)
0.73
Treatment (%)
Insulin
12 (20.0)
17 (28.3)
0.29
Antihypertensive
46 (76.7)
50 (83.3)
0.71
Statin
28 (46.7)
25 (41.7)
0.67
Antiaggregant/coagulant
50 (83.3)
52 (86.7)
0.78
In absence of neuropathy; data are expressed as number (%) and mean ± SD; †previous myocardial infarction and/or angina pectoris; ††previous stroke or transient ischemic attack; ‡creatinine >1.2 mg/dL.
