A 2-Week Course of Enteral Treatment with a Very Low-Calorie Protein-Based Formula for the Management of Severe Obesity
Table 4
Changes in anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic features after the intervention (efficacy analysis; intention-to-treat population []).
Characteristic
Baseline
Day 14
valuea
[Mean (SD)]
[Mean (SD)]
Body weight, kg
129.0 (24.2)
121.7 (23.5)
<0.001
BMI, kg/m2
46.6 (7.2)
43.9 (7.1)
<0.001
Waist circumference, cm
134.5 (16.4)
129.1 (16.1)
<0.001
Hip circumference, cm
139.0 (15.1)
134.9 (14.8)
<0.001
Waist-hip ratio
0.97 (0.09)
0.96 (0.09)
0.068
Uric acid, mg/dL
5.6 (1.2)
7.9 (2.4)
<0.001
Glucose, mg/dL
98 (27)
82 (17)
<0.001
Insulin, µU/mL
23 (19)
12 (12)
<0.001
HOMA-IR
5.8 (6.0)
2.6 (3.3)
<0.001
C-peptide, ng/mL
4.3 (2.2)
2.7 (1.6)
<0.001
HbA1C, %
5.8 (1.0)
5.6 (0.8)
<0.001
Growth hormone, ng/mL
0.62 (1.39)
165 (2.93)
<0.001
IGF-1, ng/mL
146 (75)
124 (76)
<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL
194 (34)
156 (37)
<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL
47 (12)
36 (10)
<0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL
125 (31)
99 (38)
<0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL
135 (75)
100 (38)
<0.001
Triglycerides-HDL ratio
3.3 (2.6)
3.1 (1.7)
0.032
ApoA-I, mg/dL
144 (31)
112 (35)
<0.001
ApoB, mg/dL
103 (43)
89 (36)
<0.001
ApoB/ApoA-I ratio
0.75 (0.43)
0.88 (0.56)
<0.001
SBP, mmHg
134 (11)
126 (9)
<0.001
DBP, mmHg
81 (8.5)
75 (6.7)
<0.001
Heart rate, bpm
73 (3.6)
72 (3.3)
<0.001
BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; ApoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. aBaseline versus end of study by Student’s -test for paired data.
