A 2-Week Course of Enteral Treatment with a Very Low-Calorie Protein-Based Formula for the Management of Severe Obesity
Table 5
Age-adjusted changesa in cardiometabolic and clinical parameters according to gender and diabetes (generalized linear regression analysis in intention-to-treat population ).
Characteristic
Mean (SD)a
Gender (men versus women)
Diabetes (yes versus no)
Difference 95% CI
value
Difference 95% CI
value
Weight loss, %
−5.7 (2.3)
−0.4 −1.0, 0.2
0.109
0.1 −0.5, 0.7
0.853
Waist circumference, cm
−5.4 (3.6)
−0.2 −1.0, 0.6
0.537
−0.2 −1.2, 0.8
0.612
Hip circumference, cm
−4.1 (3.8)
0.1 −0.7, 0.9
0.756
−0.7 −1.7, 0.3
0.140
Waist-hip ratio
−0.01 (0.02)
0.001 −0.003, 0.005
0.657
0.003 −0.003, 0.009
0.268
Uric acid, mg/dL
2.3 (2.1)
0.1 −0.3, 0.5
0.714
−0.02 −0.6, 0.06
0.942
Glucose, mg/dL
−16 (22)
−2 −6, 2
0.275
−19 −25, −13
<0.001
Insulin, µU/mL
−11 (16)
−5 −9, −1
0.009
−5 −9, −1
0.016
HOMA-IR
−3.2 (4.9)
−1.5 −2.5, −0.5
0.004
−2.9 −4.1, −1.7
<0.001
C-peptide, ng/mL
−1.6 (1.9)
−0.4 −0.8, 0.0
0.037
−0.6 −1.0, −0.2
0.013
HbA1C, %
−0.2 (0.40)
−0.03 −0.11, 0.05
0.438
−0.1 −0.2, 0.0
0.004
Growth hormone, ng/mL
1.04 (2.32)
−0.1 −0.7, 0.5
0.722
−0.2 −0.8, 0.4
0.527
IGF-1, ng/mL
−20 (65)
23 7, 39
0.005
−13 −31, 5
0.174
Total cholesterol, mg/dL
−39 (31)
5 −1, 11
0.137
2 −6, 10
0.551
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL
−11 (10)
3 1, 5
0.002
2 0, 4
0.106
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL
−26 (29)
3 −3, 9
0.289
7 −1, 15
0.068
Triglycerides, mg/dL
−35 (61)
−13 −25, −1
0.031
−25 −41, −9
0.001
Triglycerides-HDL ratio
−0.2 (2.0)
−0.3 −0.7, 0.1
0.183
−0.8 −1.4, −0.2
<0.001
ApoA-I, mg/dL
−30 (40)
8 −2, 18
0.116
−4 −16, 8
0.480
ApoB, mg/dL
−9 (28)
3 −5, 11
0.472
1 −7, 9
0.826
ApoB/ApoA-I ratio
0.15 (0.58)
−0.1 −0.3, 0.1
0.219
0.1 −0.1, 0.3
0.238
SBP, mmHg
−7.7 (10.2)
−2.3 −4.5, −0.1
0.035
−2.2 −4.4, 0.0
0.047
DBP, mmHg
−5.4 (8.3)
−1.9 −3.7, −0.1
0.037
−2.3 −4.5, −0.1
0.031
Heart rate, bpm
−1 (3.8)
−0.05 −0.8, 0.7
0.906
−0.5 −1.5, 0.5
0.327
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; ApoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. aChanges (in percentage) were computed as follows: final – baseline.
