Research Article
Evidence for a Specific Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Observational Retrospective Echocardiographic Study in 656 Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Table 3
Characteristics of the patients without coronary artery disease and hypertension.
| | | No LV hypertrophy | LV hypertrophy | | No LV dilation | LV dilation | | No systolic dysfunction | Systolic dysfunction | | No hypokinesia | Hypokinesia | | | | n = 104 | n = 33 | n = 128 | n = 12 | n = 127 | n = 5 | n = 142 | n = 8 |
| | Age, years | 56.7 ± 8.9 | 58.6 ± 7.5 | NS | 57.0 ± 8.8 | 57.8 ± 6.0 | NS | 57.0 ± 8.2 | 53.8 ± 10.8 | NS | 56.7 ± 8.5 | 58.8 ± 8.8 | NS | | Gender (male/female) | 60/44 | 24/9 | NS | 77/51 | 8/4 | NS | 80/47 | 2/3 | NS | 87/55 | 4/4 | NS | | Diabetes duration, years | 12.0 ± 7.0 | 12.4 ± 8.8 | NS | 11.8 ± 7.4 | 14.3 ± 7.9 | NS | 12.0 ± 7.3 | 10.2 ± 8.6 | NS | 11.7 ± 7.1 | 12.1 ± 6.7 | NS | | Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | 29.5 ± 5.6 | <0.05 | 28.7 ± 5.1 | 23.9 ± 2.5 | <0.01 | 28.0 ± 4.6 | 32.4 ± 6.2 | <0.05 | 28.6 ± 5.7 | 26.5 ± 2.5 | NS | | HbA1c, % | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | NS | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | NS | 8.7 ± 2.0 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | <0.05 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 8.7 ± 2.4 | NS | | Retinopathy (%) | 26 (25.5) | 10 (30.3) | NS | 34 (27.0) | 5 (41.7) | NS | 33 (26.2) | 1 (20.0) | NS | 36 (25.4) | 3 (42.9) | NS | | Nephropathy (%) | 27 (26.0) | 8 (24.2) | NS | 31 (24.2) | 4 (33.3) | NS | 31 (24.4) | 0 (0) | NS | 34 (23.9) | 0 (0) | NS | | UAER, mg/24 hours | 68.0 ± 251.0 | 36.0 ± 53.5 | NS | 61.9 ± 224.5 | 25.3 ± 21.4 | NS | 54.8 ± 220.2 | 12.9 ± 9.0 | NS | 50.7 ± 208.9 | 10.7 ± 6.9 | NS | | Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 88.0 ± 18.2 | 87.8 ± 20.2 | NS | 86.4 ± 17.7 | 100.1 ± 22.3 | <0.05 | 89.0 ± 18.2 | 76.5 ± 18.2 | NS | 89.4 ± 18.8 | 82.8 ± 16.7 | NS | | POAD (%) | 7 (6.8) | 2 (6.7) | NS | 8 (6.4) | 1 (9.1) | NS | 9 (7.3) | 0 (0) | NS | 7 (5.1) | 2 (25.0) | 0.08 | | Peripheral neuropathy (%) | 42 (40.4) | 15 (45.5) | NS | 51 (39.8) | 6 (50.0) | NS | 55 (43.3) | 1 (20.0) | NS | 58 (40.8) | 5 (62.5) | NS | | Silent myocardial ischemia (%) | 20 (19.2) | 4 (12.1) | NS | 23 (18.0) | 1 (8.3) | NS | 19 (15.0) | 3 (60.0) | <0.05 | 19 (13.4) | 5 (62.5) | <0.01 | | Antihypertensive therapy (%) | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | | Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 124.6 ± 11.4 | 127.3 ± 9.6 | NS | 125.0 ± 11.3 | 125.3 ± 6.4 | NS | 125.4 ± 11.0 | 121.6 ± 12.5 | NS | 124.6 ± 11.6 | 121.8 ± 6.9 | NS | | Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71.6 ± 9.1 | 72.0 ± 8.5 | NS | 71.6 ± 8.9 | 73.4 ± 7.7 | NS | 71.6 ± 9.0 | 69.8 ± 6.3 | NS | 71.3 ± 9.0 | 70.3 ± 6.8 | NS | | Pulse pressure, mmHg | 53.0 ± 11.6 | 55.3 ± 10.5 | NS | 53.4 ± 11.6 | 51.8 ± 8.9 | NS | 53.7 ± 11.6 | 51.8 ± 8.9 | NS | 53.3 ± 11.5 | 51.5 ± 7.9 | NS | | Dyslipidemia (%) | 63 (63.0) | 22 (71.0) | NS | 82 (66.7) | 6 (54.5) | NS | 79 (65.3) | 3 (60.0) | NS | 86 (63.2) | 6 (75.0) | NS | | Lipid-lowering treatment, % | 31 (30.4) | 11 (33.3) | NS | 41 (32.5) | 2 (18.2) | NS | 40 (31.5) | 1 (20.0) | NS | 41 (28.9) | 5 (62.5) | 0.06 | | Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | NS | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | NS | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | NS | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | NS | | HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | NS | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.08 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | NS | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | NS | | LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | <0.05 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | NS | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | NS | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | NS | | Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | NS | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | NS | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | NS | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | NS | | Smoking (%) | 27 (26.2) | 8 (24.2) | NS | 33 (26.0) | 3 (25.0) | NS | 31 (24.6) | 2 (40.0) | NS | 32 (22.7) | 3 (37.5) | NS | | Familial history of premature CAD (%) | 11 (10.9) | 3 (9.1) | NS | 13 (10.3) | 1 (9.1) | NS | 12 (9.7) | 1 (20.0) | NS | 13 (9.4) | 1 (12.5) | NS |
|
|
CAD: coronary artery disease, LV: left ventricle, POAD: peripheral occlusive arterial disease, UAER: urinary albumin excretion rate, and NS: nonsignificant ().
|
