Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Insulin Receptor and PI3K/Akt-Dependent Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase

Figure 1

ALA improved neurological functions and attenuated MCAO/R-induced infarct volume. (a) ALA attenuated MCAO/R-induced neurological deficit. (b) ALA ameliorated MCAO/R-induced reduction of grip time. (c) ALA attenuated MCAO/R-induced decrease in latency time in Morris water maze. (d) Quantitative analysis of cerebral infarct volume. (e) ALA inhibited MCAO/R-induced cerebral infarct. For the ALA + MCAO/R group, ALA (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was daily administered to rats for 3 days. For the sham and MCAO/R groups, the rats were given the same amount of ethanol. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. ^## compared with the sham group. compared with the MCAO/R group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)