Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Insulin Receptor and PI3K/Akt-Dependent Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase

Figure 4

ALA suppressed MCAO/R-induced oxidative stress. (a) ALA inhibited MCAO/R-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase activity. (b) ALA suppressed MCAO/R-induced superoxide generation and the increment of oxidative stress indicators including MDA (c), protein carbonyl (d), and 8-OHdG (e). For the ALA + MCAO/R group, ALA (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was daily administered to rats for 3 days. For the sham and MCAO/R groups, the rats were given the same amount of ethanol. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. ^## compared with the sham group. compared with the MCAO/R group. compared with the ALA + MCAO/R group.

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