Regulation of Estrogen Receptor α Expression in the Hypothalamus by Sex Steroids: Implication in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis

Table 1

Regulation of ERα in the hypothalamus by treatment of steroid hormones in male and female rats.

Hormones	ERα expression	Sex	References
Estradiol	Increase	Female	Cultured VMH cells: [155]; VMH: [157]
		Male	VMH: [157]
	Decrease	Female	ARC: [145–147, 153, 158] (high dose); VMH: [78, 145–147, 153]; AVPV: [153]; MPOA: [148]
		Male	ARC: [147, 153]; VMH: [153]
	No change	Female	VMH: [145]; ARC: [145]; AVPV: [153]
		Male	VMH: [158] (low dose)
Progesterone	Progesterone + estradiol; decrease	Female	MPOA and medial basal hypothalamus: [175]; Cultured VMH cells: [155]
	Progesterone alone; increase	Female	Cultured VMH cells: [155]
Testosterone	Decrease	Female	VMH and ARC: [147]
		Male	MPOA: [184, 186]; AVPV: [186]; VMH and ARC: [147]