Parental Reports of Stigma Associated with Child’s Disorder of Sex Development
Table 4
Stigma scale reliability, descriptive statistics, and informant comparisons.
Total sample
Paired sample
Chronbach’s α
Mothers
Fathers
ES
M (SD)
M (SD)
Total stigma score
0.83
96
1.88 (0.62)
58
1.67 (0.46)
47
2.15
.04*
0.33
Scales
Child-focusedb
0.76
96
2.28 (0.91)
58
2.05 (0.81)
47
1.47
ns
0.23
Parent-focusedc
0.78
96
1.76 (0.63)
58
1.56 (0.44)
47
1.90
ns
0.33
Subscales
Perceptionsd
0.65
96
2.14 (0.82)
58
1.89 (0.72)
47
2.24
.03
0.31
Future worriese
0.69
96
2.55 (1.02)
57
2.15 (1.04)
46
1.81
ns
0.30
Feelingsf
0.86
96
1.63 (0.85)
58
1.39 (0.57)
47
2.02
.05
0.32
(a1) People who know that my child has a urogenital condition treat him/her differently.
96
1.76 (0.88)
58
1.67 (0.85)
47
0.30
ns
0.05
(a2) It really doesn’t matter what I say to people about my child’s urogenital condition, they usually have their minds made up.
96
2.29 (1.13)
58
2.09 (1.06)
47
0.47
ns
0.08
(a3) In many people’s minds, having a urogenital condition attaches a stigma or label to my child.
96
2.80 (1.29)
57
2.42 (1.05)
46
2.40
.02
0.33
(b1) I worry my child will look different from other teenagers or adults because of his/her urogenital condition.
96
2.89 (1.26)
57
2.47 (1.24)
46
1.91
ns
0.28
(b2) I worry my child won’t be/isn’t able to do things he/she wants to do because of the urogenital condition.
95
2.23 (1.13)
57
1.82 (1.07)
45
1.26
ns
0.23
(b3) I feel that I am odd or abnormal because of my child’s urogenital condition.
96
1.58 (1.01)
57
1.30 (0.65)
46
2.19
.03
0.42
(b4) There have been times when I have felt ashamed about having a child with a urogenital condition.
96
1.44 (0.86)
58
1.31 (0.60)
47
0.93
ns
0.15
(b5) I feel self-conscious about my child’s urogenital condition.
96
1.94 (1.17)
57
1.53 (0.80)
46
2.18
.04
0.39
(b6**) People treat me the way they always have when they find out I have a child with a urogenital condition.
91
2.20 (1.45)
56
2.45 (1.64)
44
−1.02
ns
−0.23
(b7) I feel embarrassed about my child’s urogenital condition.
95
1.57 (0.98)
56
1.41 (0.78)
44
0.93
ns
0.15
(b8) People look down on me because I have a child with a urogenital condition.
98
1.28 (0.74)
56
1.16 (0.46)
45
1.96
ns
0.27
(b9) People say negative or unkind things about me behind my back because I have a child with a urogenital condition.
94
1.29 (0.70)
57
1.09 (0.29)
46
2.23
.03
0.37
(b10) I have been excluded from social gatherings because I have a child with a urogenital condition.
94
1.17 (0.62)
56
1.04 (0.19)
45
2.01
.05
0.38
Paired -test; bconsisting of items a1–a3.; cconsisting of items b1–b10; dconsisting of items a2, a3, and b8; econsisting of items b1 and b2; fconsisting of items b3–b5 and b7; *denoting values that remain statistically significant after set-wise Bonferroni correction (or that are <.05 when correction not needed). **Indicating item is reverse scored.
