The Effect of Metformin on Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 3

Summary of adverse events.

Study and publication year	⁢Sample size		⁢Severe hypoglycemia		⁢Gastrointestinal AEs		⁢Diabetic ketoacidosis
	Met	PL	Met	PL	Met	PL	Met	PL
Libman et al., 2015 [15]	71	69	5 (7.0%)	0 (0%)	50 (70.4%)	24 (34.8%)	3 (4.2%)	2 (2.9%)
Nwosu et al., 2015 [13]	15	13	1 (6.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	2 (13.3%)	0 (0%)
Nadeau et al., 2015 [14]	40	40	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	6 (15.0%)	5 (12.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Särnblad et al., 2003 [6]	13	13	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (15.4%)	5 (38.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Hamilton et al., 2003 [17]	14	13	2 (14.3%)	1 (7.7%)	8 (57.1%)	5 (38.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Total	153	148	8 (5.2%)	1 (0.7%)	67 (43.8%)	40 (27.0%)	5 (3.3%)	2 (1.4%)

The data are shown as numbers (%). Met: metformin; PL: placebo.