Disproportionately Elevated Proinsulin Levels as an Early Indicator of <i>β</i>-Cell Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Offspring of Chinese Diabetic Patients

<div>Scatterplots of measures for distinguishing abnormal glucose metabolism (panels (a), (b), and (d)) or metabolic syndrome (panel (c)). Notes: NGT-non-FDRs, normal glucose tolerance subjects with no family history of diabetes; NGT-FDRs, the first-degree relatives of T2DM with normal glucose tolerance; pre-DM-FDRs, first-degree relatives of T2DM with prediabetes; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; MetS, metabolic syndrome; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; PI, proinsulin; SI, specific insulin; PI/SI, proinsulin-to-specific insulin ratio.</div>

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Disproportionately Elevated Proinsulin Levels as an Early Indicator of <i>β</i>-Cell Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Offspring of Chinese Diabetic Patients 

Figure 1 | Disproportionately Elevated Proinsulin Levels as an Early Indicator of β-Cell Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Offspring of Chinese Diabetic Patients 