Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Table 2

Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus women without PCOS.

Characteristics	Women with PCOS; ()	Women without PCOS; ()	Crude odds ratio; (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio; (95% CI)
GDM
Yes	64 (18.2)	278 (13.6)	1.52 (1.13, 2.03)	1.55 (1.14, 2.09)
No	288 (81.8)	1759 (86.4)	Reference	Reference
Preterm birth
Yes	30 (8.5)	94 (4.6)	1.93 (1.26, 2.95)	1.69 (1.08, 2.67)
No	322 (91.5)	1943 (95.4)	Reference	Reference
Small for gestational age
Yes	31 (8.8)	194 (9.5)	0.92 (0.62, 1.37)	0.79 (0.51, 1.23)
No	321 (91.2)	1843 (90.5)	Reference	Reference
Large for gestational age
Yes	43 (12.2)	181 (8.9)	1.43 (1.00, 2.03)	1.39 (0.98, 1.99)
No	309 (87.8)	1856 (91.1)	Reference	Reference
Low birth weight
Yes	21 (6.0)	108 (5.3)	1.13 (0.70, 1.84)	1.20 (0.74, 1.95)
No	331 (94.0)	1929 (94.7)	Reference	Reference
Macrosomia
Yes	23 (6.5)	87 (4.3)	1.56 (0.98, 2.52)	1.21 (0.94, 2.01)
No	329 (93.5)	1950 (95.7)	Reference	Reference

Adjusted for maternal age at birth, parity, education, prepregnancy body mass index, and assisted reproductive technology.