Research Article
A Comparison of Tissue versus Swab Culturing of Infected Diabetic Foot Wounds
Table 1
Characteristics of patients with diabetic foot wounds of varying PEDIS grades.
| | Parameter | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | p |
| | Number of patients | 10 | 29 | 17 | — | | Type 1/type 2 DM | 0/10 | 0/29 | 0/17 | — | | Sex (male/female) | 5/5 | 18/11 | 12/5 | 0.565 | | Age (years) | 63.1 ± 11.6 | 60.4 ± 11.8 | 61.2 ± 11.8 | 0.824 | | Diabetes duration (years) | 10 (5.0–11.8) | 10 (2.5–10.0) | 10 (3.0–13.0) | 0.956 | | Ulcer duration (days) | 30 (25–60) | 30 (12–90) | 30 (20–60) | 0.956 | | Previous antibiotics use | 2 (20.0) | 9 (31.0) | 8 (47.1) | 0.320 | | Retinopathy | 6 (60.0) | 16 (55.2) | 12 (70.6) | 0.586 | | Renal impairment | 3 (30.0) | 16 (55.2) | 13 (76.5) | 0.059 | | Neuropathy | 10 (100.0) | 29 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | — | | Lower limb arteriopathy | 2 (20.0) | 10 (34.5) | 7 (41.2) | 0.531 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 4.3 | 22.7 ± 2.3 | 25.1 ± 2.4 | 0.068 | | ABI | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.351 | | HbA (%) | 9.8 ± 3.4 | 10.1 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 2.4 | 0.742 | | WBC (G/L) | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 14.3 ± 4.2 | 0.000 | | Neutrophil (G/L) | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 11.5 ± 4.0 | 0.000 | | CRP (mg/dl) | 7.2 (2.4–15.6) | 21.3 (6.2–38.4) | 62.0 (38.2–112.9) | 0.000 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 84.5 (68.3–127.3) | 83.0 (60.5–145.5) | 88.0 (66.0–107.5) | 0.912 | | LDL (mg/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.365 | | AST (IU/L) | 23.4 ± 8.1 | 19.4 ± 7.8 | 22.1 ± 15.9 | 0.54 | | ALT (IU/L) | 21.9 ± 9.9 | 17.8 ± 11.8 | 21.9 ± 16.6 | 0.501 | | Albumin (g/L) | 33.5 ± 4.3 | 30.9 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 7.0 | 0.028 | | FPG (mg/dL) | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 7.1 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.5 | 0.593 |
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Expressed as mean ± SD; expressed as median (1st quartile–3rd quartile); expressed as number (percentage). ABI, ankle-brachial index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose.
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