Review Article
Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Prokineticin-1 in Cancer Development and Tumor Angiogenesis
Table 1
Most recent papers reporting EG-VEGF involvement in human reproduction pathology and malignancies where EG-VEGF’s role is less elucidated.
| Authors | Year | Pathology | Brief overview of EG-VEGF role | Biomarker | Ref. |
| Wang et al. | 2016 | Implantation, trophoblast invasion, and ciliogenesis | Interrelation between EG-VEGF, ERK1/2 activation, and intraflagellar transporter required for ciliogenesis IFT88 | No | [111] | Morales et al. | 2016 | Breast cancer | EG-VEGF heterogeneity expression with no impact on diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer | No | [113] | Jayasena et al. | 2016 | Miscarriage | Serum level of EG-VEGF failed to be associated with miscarriage | Not validated as serum biomarker | [112] | Li et al. | 2010 | Multiple myeloma | Multiple signaling pathway activation, Mcl1 upregulation, proliferation, and survival of multiple myeloma cells | No | [114] | Nakazawa et al. | 2015 | Sporadic colorectal cancer | Significantly higher in cases with serosal invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, and higher stage disease | Potential biomarker for worse prognosis, invasion, and metastasis | [115] | Li et al. | 2006 | Human hepatocellular carcinoma | Portal vein tumor thrombus formation promoted by angiogenesis via EG-VEGF | No | [116] |
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