International Journal of Endocrinology

Research Article

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Metabolic Risks of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

Table 2

General demographic and metabolic characteristics of type 2 diabetes, grouped according to with or without NAFLD.


Parameters	Type 2 diabetes ()		Statistic	value^$
Parameters	Without NAFLD	With NAFLD	Statistic	value^$

Participants, n (%)	962 (58.4)	686 (41.6)
Gender, M, n (%)	482 (50.1)	328 (47.8)	0.727	0.394
Smoking, n (%)	249 (25.9)	163 (23.8)	0.860	0.354
Drinking, n (%)	138 (14.3)	120 (17.5)	3.399	0.065
Antihypertensive medication, n (%)	256 (26.6)	198 (28.9)	2.575	0.107
Age (years)	63.7 (56.9, 71)	59.8 (53.3, 65.2)	−8.429	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	86 (80, 92)	93 (88, 99)	13.767	<0.001
WHR	0.9 (0.9, 1.0)	0.9 (0.9, 1.2)	7.579	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.2 (22.2, 26.3)	27.2 (25.4, 29.1)	17.856	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	142.0 (130.0, 154.7)	144.5 (133.0, 156.7)	2.767	0.006
DBP (mmHg)	77.1 (70.7, 83.3)	81.6 (73.8, 86.0)	9.009	<0.001
TCH (mmol/L)	5.0 (4.5, 5.7)	5.4 (4.8, 6.1)	6.849	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	1.3 (0.9, 1.9)	2.1 (1.5, 3.1)	16.634	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.5 (1.3, 1.8)	1.4 (1.2, 1.6)	−8.940	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.8 (2.3, 3.4)	3.1 (2.6, 3.7)	7.803	<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	7.1 (6.2, 8.1)	7.4 (6.6, 8.7)	5.549	<0.001
PPG (mmol/L)	13.1 (11.2, 16.5)	14 (11.7, 17.6)	3.815	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	6.2 (5.7, 7.0)	6.6 (6, 7.4)	6.849	<0.001
FINS (mIU/L)	7.1 (4.6, 10.5)	11.9 (8.6, 17.1)	17.378	<0.001
HOMA-IR	2.3 (1.4, 3.5)	4.2 (2.8, 6.2)	17.357	<0.001
HOMA-beta	39.2 (23.3, 61.9)	58.4 (39.3, 88)	11.403	<0.001
UA (μmol/L)	309 (254, 366)	340 (293, 396)	7.771	<0.001

Missing values were excluded.
Chi-square value for χ² test or Z value for the nonparametric Wilcoxon test.
^$χ² test for categorical variables or the nonparametric Wilcoxon test for continuous variables; adjusted for age.
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; M, male; WHR, waist-hip ratio; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TCH, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PPG, postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index; HOMA-beta, homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function; and UA, uric acid.