Effects of Exercise Training on Fat Loss and Lean Mass Gain in Mexican-American and Korean Premenopausal Women

Table 1

Characteristics and body composition at baseline and after 12 weeks of low- or high-intensity exercise training.

	Control ()			Low-intensity exercise ()			High-intensity exercise ()			for effect of group	for effect of exercise
	Baseline	After 12 weeks		Baseline	After 12 weeks		Baseline	After 12 weeks
Continuous variables [mean (SD)]
Age, years	28.83 (5.51)	28.92 (5.66)	0.60	25.82 (5.27)	26.09 (5.39)	0.10	30.07 (7.69)	30.36 (7.84)	0.06	—	—
Height, cm	161.68 (3.13)	—	—	161.42 (4.86)	—	—	160.11 (5.69)	—	—	—	—
Weight, kg	95.48 (17.43)	95.37 (17.5)	0.01	83.07 (6.1)	79.97 (6.44)	0.0005	89.8 (14.4)	87.69 (14.66)	0.01	0.06	0.0004
BMI, kg/m^2	36.49 (1.37)	36.44 (1.39)	0.56	31.83 (1.43)	30.65 (1.45)	<0.0001	34.97 (1.27)	34.11 (1.28)	<0.0001	0.03	0.0004
Body fat, %	42.61 (6.74)	41.97 (6.02)	0.053	39.37 (4.73)	37.69 (4.86)	0.21	42.3 (4.33)	40.83 (4.38)	0.82	0.21	<0.0001
Fat mass, kg	40.26 (12.88)	39.77 (12.03)	0.88	32.09 (4.97)	29.61 (4.93)	0.002	37.42 (8.56)	35.25 (8.58)	0.008	0.06	<0.0001
Lean mass, kg	50.30 (5.77)	51.31 (6.82)	0.07	47.23 (5)	46.71 (5.09)	<0.0001	48.17 (6.96)	48.07 (6.95)	<0.0001	0.35	0.07
Visceral adipose tissue mass for Mexican-Americans, kg	0.90 (0.23)	0.82 (0.23)	0.18	0.64 (0.18)	0.58 (0.03)	0.37	0.84 (0.23)	0.78 (0.23)	0.22	0.12	0.06
Visceral adipose tissue area for Koreans, cm^2	80.9 (14.5)	84.7 (13.2)	0.47	71.4 (18.2)	53.0 (16.3)	0.003	81.7 (32.3)	72.1 (18.0)	0.08	0.18	0.02
Total mass, kg	93.32 (17.09)	92.82 (16.63)	0.66	78.45 (6.31)	81.39 (6.18)	0.0008	85.69 (14.27)	87.95 (14.13)	0.006	0.07	0.001
Categorical variables, number (%)
Mexican-Americans	6 (50%)	6 (50%)	—	5 (45.45%)	5 (45.45%)	—	8 (57.14%)	8 (57.14%)	—	—	—
Koreans	6 (50%)	6 (50%)	—	6 (54.55%)	6 (54.55%)	—	6 (42.86%)	6 (42.86%)	—	—	—

Significantly different from the control group at the same time period (either at baseline or after 12 weeks for both comparison groups).