Amino Acid Signatures to Evaluate the Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC), the Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance intervention study, and the replication cohort.
MDC-CC
Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance intervention
Replication cohort
At baseline
After weight lossa
After weight maintenanceb
At baseline
At follow-upc
N
804
12
12
12
83
83
Age (years)
59.2 ± 5.5
35.7 ± 12.3
35.8 ± 12.3
36.4 ± 12.3
44.5 ± 11.9
45.4 ± 11.9
Sex (% women)
51.3
75
75
75
67
67
Weight (kg)
77.8 ± 14.8
132.8 ± 23.2
110.7 ± 23.6f
106.4 ± 25.5g
123.5 ± 22.0
104.8 ± 23.1i
Weight loss (%)
—
—
−17.1 ± 5.6
−20.1 ± 10.2
—
−15.0 ± 11.0
BMI (kg/m2)
27.1 ± 4.5
44.2 ± 5.8
36.9 ± 6.6f
35.4 ± 7.3g
42.5 ± 5.8
36.1 ± 6.6i
Waist circumference (cm)
88.6 ± 13.8
130.6 ± 10.0d
112.5 ± 14.2f
107.7 ± 15.0g
125.6 ± 15.7
111.2 ± 17.7i
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
5.4 ± 1.4
4.8 ± 0.6
4.6 ± 0.7
4.6 ± 0.3
6.2 ± 2.5
5.6 ± 1.7i
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)
9.5 ± 9.6
10.8 ± 6.1d
4.7 ± 3.7f
6.3 ± 4.6g
14.4 ± 8.2
9.6 ± 7.2i
HOMA-IR
2.4 ± 3.0
2.3 ± 1.3d
1.0 ± 0.9f
1.3 ± 1.0g
4.1 ± 3.1
2.6 ± 2.4i
HOMA-IR decrease (%)
—
—
−58.6 ± 24.4
−49.4 ± 25.2
—
−28.1 ± 55
LDL (mmol/L)
4.3 ± 1.0
3.1 ± 0.9
2.8 ± 0.5d
2.9 ± 0.9
3.1 ± 0.9
2.9 ± 0.9i
HDL (mmol/L)
1.3 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.4
1.0 ± 0.2d
1.3 ± 0.3h
1.1 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.3
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.5 ± 0.7
1.4 ± 0.8
0.8 ± 0.3d,f
0.8 ± 0.5g
1.5 ± 1.2
1.1 ± 0.7i
Diabetes (%)
7.2
0
0
0
19.3
19.3
Current smoker (%)
30.3
16.7
16.7
16.7
21.5
21.5
SBP (mmHg)
147.4 ± 18.7
126.7 ± 16.5e
121.5 ± 9.2
117.5 ± 14.4
129 ± 14.8
122 ± 15.2i
AHT (%)
23.7
0
0
0
30.1
30.1
Hypertension (%)
77.1
0
0
0
49.4
41.0
a,b,c,eThe weight loss period with low-calorie diet lasted 101 ± 26 days; the weight maintenance period with counseling lasted 167 ± 37 days. Average time span between baseline and follow-up in replication cohort was 345 ± 195 days. Data expressed as mean ± SD. dData missing from one person at that time. Data missing from two persons at that time. f between baseline and weight loss (Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance intervention). g between baseline and weight maintenance (Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance intervention). h between weight loss weight maintenance (Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance intervention). i between baseline and follow-up (replication cohort). Smoke status is lacking for 4 subjects.
