Implication of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Subclinical Inflammation on Mild Renal Insufficiency

Table 3

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mild renal insufficiency (eGFR ≥ 60 and <90 mL/min/1.73 m²) with respect to the presence of NAFLD, MetS, and high hsCRP.

	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
NAFLD (−) (ref.)	1	1	1
NAFLD (+)	1.68 (1.28–2.22)	1.58 (1.17–2.14)	1.44 (1.03–2.01)
value	<0.001	0.003	0.034
MetS (−) (ref.)	1	1	1
MetS (+)	2.22 (1.65–2.98)	1.79 (1.30–2.46)	1.54 (1.08–2.20)
value	<0.001	<0.001	0.018
hsCRP < 1 mg/L (ref.)	1	1	1
hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L	1.14 (0.86–1.51)	1.09 (0.80–1.49)	0.98 (0.71–1.34)
value	0.375	0.571	0.885
NAFLD (−), MetS (−) (ref.)	1	1	1
NAFLD (+), MetS (−)	1.76 (1.23–2.51)	1.60 (1.09–2.34)	1.56 (1.05–2.34)
NAFLD (−), MetS (+)	2.93 (1.90–4.52)	2.03 (1.26–3.25)	1.82 (1.11–3.00)
NAFLD (+), MetS (+)	2.39 (1.64–3.47)	2.08 (1.39–3.11)	1.88 (1.17–3.01)
value	<0.001	<0.001	0.017
NAFLD (−), hsCRP < 1 mg/L (ref.)	1	1	1
NAFLD (+), hsCRP < 1 mg/L	1.74 (1.23–2.47)	1.54 (1.05–2.25)	1.42 (0.95–2.12)
NAFLD (−), hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L	1.10 (0.75–1.61)	0.99 (0.65–1.50)	0.93 (0.61–1.42)
NAFLD (+), hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L	1.76 (1.18–2.60)	1.68 (1.10–2.57)	1.43 (0.89–2.30)
value	0.003	0.024	0.182

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; MetS, metabolic syndrome; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. ^aModel 1 was unadjusted. ^bModel 2 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. ^cModel 3 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.