The Combined Effect of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome on Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females in Eastern China

Table 1

Univariate analyses of associations between osteoporosis and clinical features in postmenopausal females.

Characteristics	Total number	With osteoporosis	Without osteoporosis	value
	()	()	()
Age (years)	61.21 ± 13.81	64.13 ± 8.21	58.81 ± 12.31	0.021
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.41 ± 3.34	23.13 ± 3.12	24.73 ± 4.17	0.107
SBP (mmHg)	144.71 ± 23.3	147.55 ± 23.72	143.32 ± 21.21	0.131
DBP (mmHg)	72.31 ± 12.11	68.21 ± 8.31	73.01 ± 11.17	0.231
TC (mmol/l)	4.81 ± 1.21	5.18 ± 1.01	4.72 ± 1.31	0.022
TG (mmol/l)	1.81 ± 1.56	1.93 ± 1.82	1.78 ± 1.63	0.679
HDL (mmol/l)	1.59 ± 0.51	1.86 ± 0.33	1.36 ± 1.33	0.095
LDL (mmol/l)	2.75 ± 0.92	2.81 ± 0.91	2.69 ± 1.05	0.382
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	6.16 ± 2.81	6.38 ± 3.02	6.08 ± 2.92	0.108
Waist circumference (cm)	104.2 ± 9.36	103.8 ± 8.91	103.5 ± 9.68	0.6885
Osteocalcin (ng/ml)	18.56 ± 4.47	21.68 ± 5.02	17.24 ± 3.82	<0.001
Vitamin D (ng/dl)	14.76 ± 1.98	16.72 ± 1.52	13.96 ± 1.49	<0.001
ALP	77.66 ± 43.21	84.22 ± 53.24	75.16 ± 35.12	0.002
γ-Acylase	43.15 ± 91.62	48.63 ± 81.41	42.27 ± 64.18	0.452
HbA1c	10.15 ± 2.10	9.91 ± 1.82	10.20 ± 2.22	0.372
AST (U/l)	28.3 ± 9.2	29.1 ± 10.2	27.6 ± 11.1	0.171
ALT (U/l)	29.8 ± 16.2	31.5 ± 15.1	29.2 ± 17.1	0.091
Calcium (mg/dl)	9.32 ± 0.48	9.25 ± 0.57	9.33 ± 0.52	0.321
Total hip BMD (gm/cm^2)	0.962 ± 0.098	0.762 ± 0.121	0.981 ± 0.110	<0.001
Femoral neck BMD (gm/cm^2)	0.789 ± 0.101	0.701 ± 0.091	0.817 ± 0.125	<0.001
Lumbar spine BMD (gm/cm^2)	0.982 ± 0.141	0.843 ± 0.131	1.091 ± 0.113	<0.001
Total hip score	−0.687 ± 0.865	−1.801 ± 0.891	−0.231 ± 0.981	<0.001
Femoral neck score	−1.512 ± 0.878	−2.500 ± 0.718	−1.381 ± 0.981	<0.001
Lumbar spine score	0.102 ± 1.231	−2.351 ± 1.018	0.376 ± 1.109	<0.001
NAFLD	365 (38.9)	116 (47.5)	249 (35.9)	0.002
SNAFLD	132 (14.1)	64 (26.2)	68 (9.7)	<0.001
MetS	232 (24.7)	86 (35.2)	146 (21.0)	<0.001

NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SNAFLD: significant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; MetS: metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: serum total cholesterol: TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BMD: bone mineral density; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin. Note: represents value < 0.05.