Physiological Aldosterone Concentrations Are Associated with Alterations of Lipid Metabolism: Observations from the General Population
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population.
Characteristics
Quartiles of the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)
Q1 ()
Q2 ()
Q3 ()
Q4 ()
Male (%)
45.1
46.4
45.9
45.9
0.98
Age (years)
46.0 (37.0–58.0)
46.0 (37.0–58.0)
45.0 (37.0–57.0)
42.0 (35.0–53.0)
<0.01
BMI (kg/m2)
25.7 (23.6–29.1)
25.7 (23.2–28.2)
26.4 (23.6–29.1)
26.2 (23.1–29.8)
0.21
HbA1c (%)
5.20 (4.90–5.50)
5.10 (4.80–5.50)
5.10 (4.80–5.50)
5.10 (4.70–5.40)
0.11
Diabetes mellitus (%)
5.30
4.61
3.80
6.00
0.48
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
89.8 (78.8–103.8)
89.0 (78.6–102.5)
89.1 (76.0–100.8)
89.2 (78.3–99.8)
0.50
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
125 (115–137)
127 (114–138)
126 (116–139)
124 (115–137)
0.47
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
79.5 (74.0–86.0)
79.5 (73.5–87.0)
80.5 (75.0–88.0)
80.5 (74.0–88.5)
0.34
Hypertension (%)
25.3
26.0
28.6
27.3
0.70
Intake of oral contraceptives (%)
13.6
15.9
8.26
14.5
0.07
PAC (ng/l)
17.0 (12.0–21.0)
33.0 (28.0–38.0)
49.0 (43.0–54.0)
78.0 (67.0–96.0)
<0.01
PRC (ng/l)
6.50 (4.50–9.00)
7.60 (4.70–10.70)
8.30 (5.40–11.70)
10.05 (7.30–14.90)
<0.01
ARR
2.43 (1.59–3.57)
4.51 (2.99–6.59)
6.17 (4.10–8.62)
7.90 (5.66–11.04)
<0.01
Potassium (mmol/l)
4.26 (4.08–4.50)
4.30 (4.10–4.50)
4.32 (4.18–4.59)
4.37 (4.13–4.58)
<0.01
Sodium (mmol/l)
139 (138–141)
139 (138–141)
139 (138–141)
139 (138–141)
0.18
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)
5.37 (4.70–6.20)
5.60 (0.97–6.40)
5.51 (4.80–6.24)
5.40 (4.70–6.30)
0.26
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)
3.35 (2.81–4.04)
3.56 (2.80–4.36)
3.54 (2.86–4.17)
3.42 (2.85–4.20)
0.28
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)
1.22 (0.95–1.55)
1.20 (0.97–1.50)
1.16 (0.89–1.49)
1.13 (0.90–1.45)
0.04
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)
4.10 (3.43–4.94)
4.31 (3.42–5.25)
4.33 (3.45–5.10)
4.24 (3.45–5.09)
0.34
Triglycerides (mmol/l)
1.20 (0.83–1.92)
1.30 (0.88–2.03)
1.28 (0.88–1.98)
1.36 (0.88–1.95)
0.29
Data are median (1st–3rd quartile) or proportions. Group differences were tested with chi-squared or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Intake of oral contraceptives in women. ARR: aldosterone-to-renin ratio; BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PRC: plasma renin concentration.
