|
| Study | Study design | Source | Method employed (statistical analysis) | Upregulated microRNA in GDM | Downregulated microRNA in GDM | Limits of the study |
|
| Zhao et al. [51] | 24 GDM patients and 24 controls at 16th–19th week of pregnancy | Serum | TaqMan low-density array
qRT-PCR (Student’s t-test + risk score analysis) | / | miR-29a, miR-123, miR-222 | Normalization using only spiked synthetic exogenous cel-miR-39 |
|
| Zhu et al. [55] | 10 GDM patients and 10 controls at 16th–19th week of pregnancy | Plasma | Ion Torrent
qRT-PCR (Student’s t-test) | miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p | / | Identified microRNAs are enriched in erythrocytes (limitation for their use as biomarkers) |
|
| Cao et al. [56] | 85 GDM patients and 72 controls at 16th–20th, 20th–24th, and 24th–28th week of pregnancy | Plasma | qRT-PCR (Student’s t-test, ROC curves) | miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p | / | Identified microRNAs are enriched in erythrocytes (limitation for their use as biomarkers) |
|
| Wander et al. [65] | 36 GDM patients and 80 controls at 7th–23rd week of pregnancy | Plasma | qRT-PCR (logistic regression adjusted for gestational age at blood draw) | miR-155-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-517-5p, miR-29a-3p | / | Limited number of microRNAs analyzed (associated with pregnancy course and complications) |
|
| Lamadrid-Romero et al. [69] | 54 GDM patients, 57 non-GDM controls at first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, 10 nonpregnant healthy women | Serum | qRT-PCR (Turkey’s multiple comparison test + unpaired Student’s t-test) | miR-183-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-125-5p, miR-1290 | / | Limited number of microRNAs analyzed (neural development associated) |
|
| Sebastiani et al. [13] | 21 GDM patients, 11 non-GDM control subjects (28th–33rd week of pregnancy) | Plasma | Stem-loop RT PCR (Student’s t-test + nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test) | miR-330-3p | / | To be validated in a larger cohort |
|
