Elevated Serum Total Bilirubin Concentrations Are Negatively Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy among the Chinese Northeastern Population

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the subjects.

Characteristics	Total	Without DR	With DR
n	742	209	533
Men (%)	56.5%	56.9%	56.3%	0.872
Age (Year)	59.55 ± 10.63	59.23 ± 10.90	59.67 ± 10.53	0.616
DM duration (year)	11.01 ± 7.35	7.03 ± 6.47	12.57 ± 7.09	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.01 ± 2.85	24.90 ± 3.37	25.06 ± 2.61	0.506
SBP (mmHg)	140.49 ± 20.23	137.91 ± 21.15	141.49 ± 19.78	0.03
DBP (mmHg)	83.62 ± 11.32	82.31 ± 12.11	84.14 ± 10.97	0.048
FPG (mmol/L)	9.68 ± 3.68	9.75 ± 3.89	9.65 ± 3.60	0.743
HbA1c (%)	9.30 ± 1.52	9.31 ± 1.90	9.30 ± 1.34	0.972
TC (mmol/L)	4.86 ± 1.05	4.52 ± 1.05	5.00 ± 1.02	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	2.04 ± 1.77	1.64 ± 1.23	2.20 ± 1.92	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.15 ± 0.32	1.16 ± 0.29	1.14 ± 0.33	0.568
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.99 ± 0.84	2.81 ± 0.88	3.06 ± 0.81	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	6.69 ± 3.83	5.25 ± 1.47	7.26 ± 4.29	<0.001
Cr (μmol/L)	119.55 ± 127.32	87.28 ± 19.34	132.20 ± 147.86	<0.001
UA (μmol/L)	310.86 ± 88.27	280.88 ± 73.57	322.61 ± 90.80	<0.001
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	13.35 ± 11.30	13.44 ± 11.66	11.32 ± 11.17	0.895
Urine microalbumin (mg/L)	70.88 ± 69.12	36.74 ± 54.42	84.27 ± 69.71	<0.001
C-peptide (ng/mL)	2.46 ± 1.20	2.50 ± 1.33	2.45 ± 1.14	0.647
Fibrinogen (g/L)	3.38 ± 1.22	3.15 ± 0.53	3.46 ± 1.39	0.002
STBC (μmol/L)	13.95 ± 7.08	17.04 ± 8.98	12.75 ± 5.75	<0.001