Incidence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Population-Based Diabetic Foot Cohort (ADFC Study)—Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of all participants and comparison between two groups (developing and not developing DFU).

Characteristics	All patients ()	Patients developing DFU ()	Patients not developing DFU ()	value
Age (years)	53.52 ± 10.81	55.9 ± 13.47	53.38 ± 10.63	0.214
Gender
Female	307 (57.5)	9 (30)	298 (59.1)	0.002
Male	227 (42.5)	21 (70)	206 (40.9)
Diabetes duration (year)	8.77 ± 6.87	13.46 ± 8.48	8.49 ± 6.67	0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.63 ± 4.42	28.33 ± 4.91	28.65 ± 4.40	0.700
Waist circumference (cm)	95.22 ± 11.02	95.33 ± 12.46	95.22 ± 10.94	0.710
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic BP	128.74 ± 11.87	129.67 ± 12.99	128.68 ± 11.81	0.879
Diastolic BP	81.11 ± 4.92	81.33 ± 5.71	81.10 ± 4.88	0.918
Ethnicity				0.974
Fars	158 (29.6)	8 (26.7)	150 (29.8)
Arab	272 (50.9)	16 (53.3)	256 (50.8)
Lor	86 (16.1)	5 (16.7)	81 (16.1)
Other	18 (3.4)	1 (3.3)	17 (3.4)
Education				0.017
Illiterate	129 (24.2)	11 (36.6)	118 (23.4)
≤Diploma	366 (68.5)	14 (46.7)	352 (69.9)
University degree	39 (7.3)	5 (16.7)	34 (6.7)
Marital status				0.269
Single	12 (2.2)	0 (0)	12 (2.4)
Married	498 (93.3)	27 (90)	471 (93.4)
Divorced or dead partner	24 (4.5)	3 (10)	21 (4.2)
Job activity				0.097
Low	446 (83.5)	21 (70)	425 (84.3)
Moderate	41 (7.7)	5 (16.7)	36 (7.1)
High	17 (3.2)	1 (3.3)	16 (3.2)
No job	30 (5.6)	3 (10)	27 (5.4)
Smoking status				0.013
Present	26 (4.9)	3 (10)	23 (4.6)
Former	43 (8.1)	6 (20)	37 (7.3)
No smoker	465 (87.1)	21 (70)	444 (88.1)

DFU: diabetic foot ulcer; BP: blood pressure. These variables are described as mean ± SD; other are presented as N (%).