Indicators of Quality of Clinical Care for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar: A Retrospective Analysis

Table 2

Distribution of patients by types of medications used and distribution of patients by clinical process indicator.

Variable	Values	Frequency	Percentage	BRFSS target	Z-score	value
Distribution of patients by clinical process indicator (N = 643)
Referral to dietitians	Yes	256	39.9
	No	386	60.1
Diet counseling	Yes	401	37.6
	No	242	62.4
Exercise counseling	Yes	400	62.2
	No	243	37.8
Foot examined	Yes	576	89.6	74.8	5.05	<0.0001
	No	67	10.4
Eye examination referral	Seen	465	72.3	58.7	5.93	<0.0001
	Ordered not seen	96	14.9
	Not ordered	82	12.8
HbA1c checked	<2/year	323	50.3	71.1	−7.47	<0.0001
	=>2/year	305	47.4
	Never	15	2.3
Lipid checked	Yes	595	92.8	58.3	15.14	<0.0001
	No	46	7.2
UCR checked	Yes	520	80.9	37.0	30.50	<0.0001
	No	123	19.1
Influenza vaccine	Given	263	40.9	80.0	−12.47	<0.0001
	Ordered-not given	66	10.3
	Not ordered	314	48.8
Pneumococcal vaccine	Given	282	43.9	60.0	−6.86	<0.0001
	Ordered-not given	27	4.2
	Not ordered	334	51.9
Hepatitis B vaccine	Given	48	7.5
	Ordered-not given	31	4.8
	Not ordered	564	87.7
BP measurement	Yes	627	97.5
	No	16	2.5
BMI documented	Yes	621	96.6
	No	22	3.4
Depression	Depressed	10	1.6
	Not depressed	143	22.2
	Not documented	490	76.2
Distribution of patients by types of medications used (N = 643)
Number of medications	0	9	1.4
	1	145	22.5
	2	157	24.4
	3	228	35.5
	4	92	14.6
	5	10	1.6
Metformin	Yes	578	89.9
	No	65	10.1
DDP-4 inhibitors	Yes	393	61.1
	No	250	38.9
Sulfonylurea	Yes	317	49.3
	No	326	50.7
Insulin	Yes	179	27.8
	No	464	72.2
Thiazolidinedione	Yes	65	10.1
	No	578	89.9
GLP-1 agonists	Yes	15	2.3
	No	628	97.7
SGLT-2 inhibitors	Yes	12	1.9
	No	630	98.1
Meglitinides	Yes	5	0.8
	No	638	99.2
Aspirin	Yes	230	35.8
	No	413	64.2
Statin	Yes	509	79.2
	No	134	20.8
Vitamin D	Yes	442	68.7
	No	201	31.3
Antihypertensive	ACE/ARBS	435	67.7
	Others	38	5.9
	No	170	26.4

DDP-4 inhibitors: inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; SGLT-2: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; ACE/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blockers; UCR: urinary creatinine ratio; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index.