Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Gynecomastia in Adult Patients
Table 3
Clinical and hormonal characteristics of GM patients with and without metabolic syndrome (patients with medication-induced gynecomastia were excluded from analyses). Data are presented as median [min–max] or percentage (n). Differences between groups were established through Mann–Whitney test or Fisher’s exact test, considered statistically significant ().
Metabolic healthy (N = 47)
Metabolic syndrome (N = 38)
Age (years) n = 85
27 [18–69] (n = 47)
32 [18–67] (n = 38)
0.078
Family history for DM2 (%) (n = 85)
8.5% (4) (n = 47)
21.1% (8) (n = 38)
0.124
Family history for AH (%) (n = 85)
21.3% (10) (n = 47)
28.9% (11) (n = 38)
0.456
Obesity (%) (n = 84)
25.5% (12) (n = 47)
45.9% (17) (n = 37)
0.066
Testosterone (nmol/l) (n = 78)
13.00 [0.60–35.10] (n = 44)
9.25 [0.60–30.60] (n = 34)
0.148
Estradiol (pmol/l) (n = 37)
275.00 [23.00–585.00] (n = 19)
357.50 [107.00–960.00] (n = 18)
0.081
Prolactin (mIU/l) (n = 76)
227.50 [82.00–5240.00] (n = 44)
191.50 [72.00–10561.00] (n = 32)
0.245
TSH (mIU/l) (n = 72)
1.85 [0.03–6.9] (n = 38)
2.20 [0.62–26.80] (n = 34)
0.119
LH (IU/l) (n = 61)
2.30 [0.47–22.40] (n = 35)
2.55 [0.47–29.00] (n = 26)
0.924
FSH (IU/l) (n = 60)
3.0 [0.53–38.90] (n = 35)
2.8 [0.77–56.50] (n = 25)
0.514
Estradiol (pmol/l) to testosterone (nmol/l) ratio (n = 36)
