The Effect of Clothing on Vitamin D Status, Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Kuwaiti Females

Table 3

Indoor and outdoor sun exposure.

		Unveiled (n=30)	Hejab (n=30)	Veiled (n=30)
		Frequency (%)
Duration of Indoor Sun Exposure (minutes)	0	20 (66.7%)	16 (53.3%)	16 (53.3%)
	<30	10 (33.3%)	8 (27%)	9 (30%)
	30-60		3 (10%)	3 (10%)
	60-120		2 (7%)	1 (3%)
	>120		1 (3%)	1 (3%)
Duration of Outdoor Sun Exposure (minutes)	0	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	0 (0%)
	<30	13 (43.3%)	12 (40%)	13 (43.3%)
	30-60	14 (46.7%)	13 (43.3%)	13 (43.3%)
	60-120	2 (6.7%)	4 (13.3%)	1 (3.3%)
	>120	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (10%)
Time of Exposure	Morning	10 (33.3%)	9 (30%)	18 (60%)
	Noon	16 (53.3%)	16 (53%)	11 (37%)
	Afternoon		4 (13.3%)	1 (3.3%)
Use of Sun Protection	No	25 (83.3%)	29 (96.7%)	25 (83.3%)
	Yes	5 (16.7%)	1 (3.3%)	5 (16.7)

All variables are expressed as the number of participants per group (percentage). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for comparisons between groups; no significant differences were detected.