Research Article
Intrapartum Results on Differing Degrees of Ketonuria in Nulliparous Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Spontaneous Labor
Table 5
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of nulliparous women with spontaneous labor in Ketosis group.
| | Characteristics | Duration of ketosis | Distribution of ketosis during labor | | ≤2 hours | 3-4 hours | 5-6 hours | >6 hours | value | First stage of labor | Second stage of labor | value |
| | Operative vaginal delivery, n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.5) | 6 (35.3) | 4 (50.0) | <0.001 | 5 (4.9) | 11 (23.9) | =0.001 | | Conversion to cesarean section, n (%) | 4 (11.8) | 8 (8.6) | 5 (29.4) | 7 (87.5) | <0.001 | 24 (23.3) | 0 (0) | — | | FHR intrapartum pattern III, n (%) | 5 (14.7) | 8 (23.3) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (62.5) | =0.001 | 10 (9.7) | 11 (23.9) | <0.001 | | MSAF III, n (%) | 5 (14.7) | 11 (11.8) | 5 (29.4) | 6 (75.0) | <0.001 | 5 (4.9) | 21 (45.7) | <0.001 | | Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (5.4) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (12.5) | =0.014 | 7 (6.8) | 3 (6.5) | =1.000 | | Prolonged labor >16 hours, n (%) | 6 (17.6) | 21 (22.6) | 13 (76.5) | 4 (50.0) | <0.001 | 32 (31.1) | 12 (26.1) | =0.538 | | Neonatal hypoglycemia, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 6 (35.3) | 5 (62.5) | <0.001 | 4 (3.9) | 10 (21.7) | =0.001 | | Umbilical cord arterial pH <7.2, n (%) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (3.2) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (50.0) | <0.001 | 4 (3.9) | 5 (10.9) | =0.135 | | Neonatal care unit admission, n (%) | 2 (5.9) | 9 (9.7) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (37.5) | =0.014 | 9 (8.7) | 5 (10.9) | =0.680 |
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Data are presented as n (%). Categorical variables determined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.
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