Effect of Light-Dark Cycle Misalignment on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis, Testicular Oxidative Stress, and Expression of Clock Genes in Adult Male Rats

Figure 2

Changes in the levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones. Serum levels of (a) FSH (mIU/ml), (b) LH (mIU/ml), (c) testosterone (ng/ml), (d) prolactin (ng/ml), (e) E2 (pg/ml), (f) TSH (µIU/ml), (g) T3 (ng/ml), and (h) T4 (ng/ml) in male rats after prolonged light or prolonged dark exposure for 12 consecutive weeks. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 8–10 rats). and vs the control group by Student’s t-test.

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