Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with an Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children
Table 1
General characteristics of the study population: skippers vs. consumers.
Characteristics
All
Skippers
Consumers
N
112
36
76
—
Male/female
42/70
14/22
28/48
0.836
Age (years)
8.9 ± 1.8
8.8 ± 2.3
9.0 ± 1.5
0.630
Height SDS
0.67 ± 1.06
0.62 ± 1.12
0.70 ± 1.04
0.727
Weight SDS
1.66 ± 0.76
1.76 ± 0.82
1.61 ± 0.73
0.328
BMI z-score
1.71 ± 0.55
1.79 ± 0.66
1.66 ± 0.49
0.241
Plasma glucose (mg/dl)
88.5 ± 8.1
93.3 ± 8.7
86.2 ± 6.7
<0.001
Insulin (μU/ml)
10.8 ± 5.1
10.8 ± 5.2
10.8 ± 5.1
0.943
HOMA-IR
2.4 ± 1.2
2.5 ± 1.3
2.3 ± 1.1
0.417
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
157.9 ± 26.5
166.2 ± 30.5
153.6 ± 23.4
0.037
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
50.3 ± 11.4
45.4 ± 12.1
52.7 ± 10.3
0.005
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
93.1 ± 26.1
104.5 ± 32.3
87.3 ± 20.3
0.003
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
75.5 ± 31.8
90.4 ± 39.7
68.2 ± 24.3
0.002
TG/HDL ch. ratio
1.66 ± 1.02
2.30 ± 1.39
1.37 ± 0.64
<0.001
GH (ng/ml)
0.59 ± 1.27
0.81 ± 1.73
0.48 ± 0.99
0.201
IGF-1 (ng/ml)
235.0 ± 91.7
224.5 ± 99.4
240.0 ± 91.1
0.405
Cortisol (ng/dl)
11.2 ± 4.3
11.5 ± 4.8
11.1 ± 4.0
0.652
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (normally distributed). BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL: high-density lipoproteins; LDL: low-density lipoproteins; TG: triglyceride; GH: growth hormone; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1.
